GWD-8-Q35 to GWD-8-Q37:
This passage was adapted from an article written in 1990.
Research data indicate that
there is a great deal of poverty in
the United States among single-
Line parent families headed by women.
(5) This problem could result from
the fact that women’s wages are
only 60 percent of men’s. Some
economists(第一個看法) believe that rigorous
enforcement of existing equal pay
(10) laws would substantially decrease
this wage inequity. But equal pay
laws are ineffectual when women
and men are concentrated in different
occupations because such laws
(15) require only that women and men
doing the same jobs be paid the
same. Since gender concentration
exists (for example, 80 percent of
clerical workers are women), other
(20) economists(第二個看法) argue that a comparable
worth standard, which would
mandate that women and men in
any jobs that require comparable
training and responsibility be paid
(25) the same, should be applied
instead. But some policy analysts
(第三個看法)assert that, although comparable
worth would virtually equalize male
and female wages, many single-
(30) parent families headed by women
would remain in poverty because
many men earn wages that are
below the poverty line. These
policy analysts believe that the
(35) problem is not caused primarily by
wage inequity but rather by low
wages coupled with single parent
hood, regardless of sex. As a
solution, they challenge the govern-
(40) ment’s assumption that a family’s
income should depend primarily on
wages and urge the government to
provide generous wage supplements
(child and housing allow-
(45) ances) to single parents whose
wages are low.
有三種觀念
第一種認為是全面性的薪資平等
第二種認為是有條件的薪資平等
第三種則是認為,問題不在姓別,而是薪資太低