有不會背的ＧＲＥ單字嗎？照過來！我教你！

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童顏巨乳的 雙倍刺激 2015年07月15日

我有一個朋友，素來就喜歡女性的大乳房，但因為年輕時受到精神分析的毒害，相信佛洛依德所說男人喜歡大乳房乃是來自「兒時口欲（吸吮快感）的受挫」，自覺不太光彩，所以不太敢張揚，但現在年紀大了，似乎想通了，從偷偷喜愛到公開頌讚，而且喜歡的尺碼也從豐乳、豪乳到巨乳，還引用德國的研究報告說「凝視女人的大乳房，會讓男人變得較健康」，因為可以「促進血液循環，減少中風和心臟病」，逢人便說主持研究的醫師建議基於「保健」理由，40歲以上的男人「每天應該花10分鐘注視D罩杯女人的胸部」。

「巨乳」有多種類型，我朋友偏愛的是「童顏巨乳」，如台灣的瑤瑤、日本的篠崎愛。但為什麼喜歡呢？真的是想「保健」嗎？佛洛伊德不在了，說嘴的專家換成了丁柏根與羅倫茲，兩位動物行為學家（諾貝爾獎得主）說這是來自常見於動物界的「超常刺激」。說白一點，我的這位朋友被他的動物本能「綁架」了。

意亂情迷 不在乎真假
所謂「超常刺激」是指超乎尋常的大小、數量、顏色、味道會刺激動物產生過度反應。「童顏」表示「可愛」，但已經童年不再卻依然「童顏」，那就成了「超乎尋常的可愛」；而擁有比多數女人更大的「巨乳」，則代表「超乎尋常的性感」；兩者加在一起，就成了雙料加倍的「超常刺激」，難怪會讓很多男人意亂情迷。
麋鹿過度巨大的角、孔雀極端艷麗的羽毛，都是因物種偏好「超常刺激」演化而來的。讓人更感興趣的是，動物學家以人工方式製造更大、更多、色澤更鮮艷、氣味更濃郁的假蛋、假幼雛、假雌性，很多動物即會因此而意亂情迷，拋棄身邊真正的對象，轉而去追求那些假貨。

也許有人會說這些動物「真傻」，但看看有多少人對由文字、影像虛構而成的色情小說與電影「血脈賁張」，寧可耽溺其中而冷落了有血有肉的配偶，這跟前述動物有何差別？而對「童顏巨乳」神魂顛倒的男人，又有多少會在意箇中「真假」？在人類社會裡，這種過度誇大的「超常刺激」並非只見於「性」領域，在各種說服策略─從挑起你的消費欲望到贊同他的主張，都有它的影子，都是在利用你的「動物本能」。

王溢嘉《煉心術》

[fmdr4428]

【2015年07月最新GRE等價珍真題】
練練這個最新等價題!! 不會就完蛋了！

題目：dilatory

等價選項：
[A] pecuniary
[B] commercial
[C] arbitrary
[D] sluggish
[E] capricious

[fmdr4428]

正解：dilatory = sluggish

dilatory [`dɪləˏtorɪ] a. 慢的；拖延的

【字源】defer（v. 推遲）→ 拖延的 → 遲緩的。

【等價】remiss a. 遲緩的；怠慢的

【等價】sluggish a. 行動遲緩的

諧音：弟拉、拖離(弟弟拖拖拉拉離開)->拖延的
to be dilatory in doing sth . 做某事拖拉

It still is working through dilatory and incomplete responses to subpoenas, and unresponsive answers to congressional questions. Washington Post Mar 4, 2015
這些(招式)仍然有用：透過拖延和不完整的回應傳票、遲鈍地回應國會提問。

------------------------------------------------
Think you know dilatory? Quiz yourself:

Which of the following would most likely be considered dilatory?
1.a strict diet eliminating starches and sugars
2.a scheme to take advantage of someone
3.a government that is slow to act
4.a school that has raised its standards

ans. 3

[fmdr4428]

1針對希臘債務問題，德國總理Merkel出席歐盟峰會時表示當利多於弊時(the pros outweigh the cons)，就會妥協。pro當名詞，表好處；con當名詞，表弊病。
out- 表示”超過”

outweigh (v. 大於~；重於~)由out-(表超過) + weigh (v. 重達~)組成

outbid v.出價多於(他人)(out+bid出價→出價超出)
outdo v.勝過,戰勝(out+do做→做得超出別人)
to outdo oneself 超過自己原有水平
not to be outdone , she redoubled her efforts 為了不被人超過，她付出了加倍的努力
She outdid him in mathematics . 她數學比他強。

outgrow v. 長得比……快（或大、高）

outlive v.活得比…長(out+live活→超過別人活著)
outlaw n.歹徒(out+law法律→超越法律之人)
outlast v. 比…經久[持久]
outlaugh v. 較……笑得多/大笑；大聲嘲笑
outmaneuver v.以策略制勝, 以機動性勝過(字面意思：以maneuver取勝)
outnumber v.在數量上超過(out+number數量)
outrun v.跑得比~快
outsize a.過大的(out+size範圍→範圍超出)

outshine v. 比~出色 由out-(表超過) + shine (v. 出眾)組成
Vera ' s flowers outshone all the others in the competition . 在比賽中﹐維拉的花讓別的花都黯然失色。

outwit v.以機智取勝(out+wit機智→機智超出別人)
outweigh v. 大於~；重於~


2墨西哥頭號大毒梟古茲曼二度越獄成功！墨西哥官方顏面無光，誓言讓古茲曼再度回到監獄坐牢(behind bars)。bar當名詞，表「長條狀柵欄」，在此指的就是關犯人的牢房鐵柵欄，behind 表「在…後面」，故behind bars字面上是「在柵欄後面」，引申成「坐牢」。也可以說in jail 或in prison。

3在網路上有段影片是兩名澳洲人教授大家快速學會澳洲英語的方法，根據他們的說法，澳洲人喜歡將所有東西縮短(abbreviate)，例如football他們會講footy； "OZ" (唸 aussie) = Australian = 澳洲人；"Macdies" = MacDonald ----等等。

4.Facebook創辦人Mark Zuckerberg認為，未來科技將進步到人類能透過心電感應(telepathy)互相溝通，並相信世界上有能解釋人類思維的公式。telepathy(n.心電感應) = 字首tele-(表far遠距離)+字根path(表feeling感覺)+名詞字尾y。

[fmdr4428]

單字背累了吧！

看看這段youtube影片：陳彥伯的英文小教室
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NOhc9K ... KiJH0#t=38

市議員陳彥伯2015年06月11日在市議會質詢台北市長柯文哲。

質詢影片中，陳彥伯批評北市府缺乏信用，「信用（credit），並且說「你的膝蓋思考已經有問題，你是用肚臍思考，你知道肚臍英文怎麼拼嗎？」，柯文哲不假思索，立即回答出肚臍的英文拼音「umbilicus」，柯還自喜說，「我是醫學專家，難不倒我」，說完哈哈大笑。陳彥伯隨後也補充說「俗稱belly button(肚子的鈕扣)」。
===============================================================

肚臍的英文是 navel，醫學上的專有名詞叫 umbilicus (柯 P 答的字，臍帶叫 umbilical cord)，口語 (小孩子常說) 叫 belly (或 tummy) button (陳彥伯答的字)。

考醫師人體部位的英文單字怎麼說，這是故意做球讓他殺嗎？
不聰明啊！

[fmdr4428]

從背gre單字wonky(搖晃的；靠不住的)的角度，這段youtube影片你也應該看看
(本文純粹從背單字的角度出發，未有預設政黨立場)。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFaQ3lyQpYQ
(蔡英文登TIME雜誌之英文教學 WONKY Tsai —“空心菜”)

事情是這樣子的，看一些網路文章時，有人稱蔡英文女士為Wonky Tsai，我一開始還以為這是蔡主席的英文名字，心裏還高興了一下：只要記住蔡主席的英文名字，以後就不愁記不住wonky這個單字了。google了一下才發現，原來Wonky Tsai出自亞洲版的Time雜誌對蔡主席的報導的一篇文章，之後被拿來與“空心菜(蔡)”相呼應。

對於Wonky Tsai的說法，維基百科上有這樣的說明：2015年《時代》周刊亞洲版在對蔡英文的封面報導中稱她有「wonky」的名聲[66]。形容詞wonky有「靠不住」、「不穩定」、「搖晃」的含義，有人據此認為wonky是「空心」的含義，並開始稱蔡英文為「wonky蔡」。然而，名詞wonk有「書呆子」的含義，有時候指對無人關心的細節有深入研究的人，民進黨高雄黨部將wonky翻譯為「學院派」。

對於後面的解釋「名詞wonk有「書呆子」的含義，有時候指對無人關心的細節有深入研究的人，民進黨高雄黨部將wonky翻譯為「學院派」。」，

抱著好奇的心理，我查了一下oxford dictionary (http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/de ... /wonk#wonk)，結果如下：

wonk noun

North American informal , derogatory
1A ：studious or hardworking person:刻苦用功的學生；工作十分賣力的人
any kid with an interest in science was a wonk

1.1A： person who takes an excessive interest in minor details of political policy:死摳政策枝節的人
a computer/policy wonk 只會玩電腦的呆子／死摳政策枝節的人
he is a policy wonk in tune with a younger generation of voters

很顯然與1.1A的字義有所出入，特別是「minor details of political policy」，是政策枝節(不重要)的意思，維基百科把它說成是「無人關心的細節」(無人關心的細節可以是很重要的)，顯然差別不小，大家不妨細細體味一番。

最後要提的是，民進黨高雄黨部嘗試將wonk和wonky建立連結，讓大家破除對wonky的負面印象，然而在

http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/wonky

卻很殘酷的點出wonk和wonky兩個可是差的很遠：
Things that are wonky are a little bit crooked or wobbly — a table that isn't balanced right, a nose that's a bit out of place. Something that’s wonky isn’t necessarily broken; it’s just slightly “off.”

Wonky can also describe something that isn't working correctly, such as an old TV set that shows only one channel, or maybe even your brain after you’ve just pulled an all-nighter.

Important: Don't confuse wonky with wonk. A wonk is an extremely studious person, and usually wonks are very far from being wonky (except perhaps in terms of their social skills).

註：蔡英文主席的Wonky Tsai和馬英九的「machination」，一個可助記wonky，一個可助記machination，兩者有異曲同工之妙，對背誦gre單字各有貢獻，妙哉妙哉！
如果再加上毛澤東的charisma，天啊，背gre單字的世界真是太有意思了！

machination：Ma(馬)china(中國)tion(名詞字尾) =陰謀(親中的馬英九)
Wonky Tsai：不穩的蔡英文
CHA-RIS-MA：cha -> china, ris -> rise, ma -> mao, 中國升起毛 ( 澤東) -> 個人魅力, 氣質(有魅力的毛澤東)

[fmdr4428]

亞洲版的Time雜誌對蔡主席的報導的文章如下，提供大家閱讀。
沒有興趣的就跳開吧！

Tsai Ing-wen is making breakfast. The presidential candidate cracks five eggs
and lets them bubble with bacon in the pan. She stacks slices of thick, white
toast. It’s a recipe adapted from British chef Jamie Oliver, but the
ingredients, she can’t help but say, are pure Taiwan. The meat comes
courtesy of Happy Pig, a farm near her spare but tasteful Taipei apartment,
the bread from a neighborhood bakery. She offers me an orange. “Organic,”
she says, in English. “And local, of course.”

蔡英文正在做早餐。這位總統候選人打了五顆蛋，讓他們在平底鍋裡和培根攪和。她(把它們夾在土司裏)弄
成厚白的一堆。這是來自英國廚師Jamie Oliver的食譜，但蔡英文忍不住說道，裡
面的食材可全是來自台灣。培根肉來自一個叫"快樂豬"的農場，離她在台北那間閒置但有
品味的公寓不遠；麵包則是從附近的麵包店買來。她遞給我一顆柳橙：「有機的。」她用
英文說道，「當然也是在地的。」

This is not an average breakfast for the 58-year-old lawyer turned politician
running to become Taiwan’s next President- —most days she grabs a coffee
and books it to the car. But it is, in many ways, oh so Tsai. The
Taipei-raised, U.S.- and U.K.-educated former negotiator wrote her doctoral
thesis on international trade law. As a minister, party chair and
presidential candidate (she narrowly lost to two-term incumbent Ma Ying-jeou
in the 2012 race), Tsai gained a reputation for being wonky—the type who
likes to debate protectionism over early-morning sips of black coffee or
oolong tea.

對這位５８歲，自律師轉戰政壇並參選台灣下屆總統的她來說這頓早餐和她平日的早餐可不大相同－她大多
拿杯咖啡就匆匆上車；但這可是十足蔡式風格。這位出身台北，在美國和英國受教育的前
談判員以國際貿易法作為她的博士論文主題。當過部會首長、黨主席和總統候選人（她在
２０１２的大選中以接近票數敗給現任第二任期的馬英九），她以不穩、太重視政策枝微末著名---她是那
種喜歡大清早就一邊啜飲著美式咖啡或烏龍茶，一邊辯論著貿易保護主義的人。

Now, as the early front runner in Taiwan’s January 2016 presidential
election, her vision for the island is proudly, defiantly, Taiwan-centric.
Tsai says she would maintain the political status quo across the strait with
China—essentially, both Taipei and Beijing agreeing to disagree as to which
represents the one, true China, leaving the question of the island’s fate to
the future. But Tsai wants to put Taiwan’s economy, development and culture
first. While Ma and his government have pushed for new trade and tourism
pacts with Beijing—China accounts for some 40% of Taiwan’s exports—Tsai
aims to lessen the island’s dependence on the mainland by building global
ties and championing local brands. “Taiwan needs a new model,” she tells
TIME.

而此時此刻，作為在台灣2016年一月的總統選舉中，提早起跑的候選人，她對這塊島嶼的願景是驕傲的、義無反顧的以台灣為中心。蔡英文說她會維持兩岸的政治現狀---大體上而言，指的是台北和北京都不同意對方代表著真正的中國，並將有關這個島嶼命運的問題留給未來。但蔡英文想要將台灣的經濟、發展和文化放在優先順位。當馬政府力推與北京簽署有關貿易和旅遊業的新協定之際(中國已佔台灣總出口的４０％)，蔡英文卻想要藉著建立台灣與全球的連結及支持、擁護臺灣本土品牌來降低臺灣對中國大陸的依賴。「台灣需要一個新的模式。」她如是告訴ＴＩＭＥ雜誌。

Whether voters share her vision is a question that matters beyond Taipei.
Taiwan is tiny, with a population of only 23 million, but its economy—
powered by electronics, agriculture and tourism—ranks about mid-20s in the
world by GDP size, with a GDP per capita about thrice that of China’s. Ceded
by China’s Qing dynasty to Japan after the 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War,
colonized by Tokyo for half a century, then seized by Nationalist forces
fleeing the Communists at the end of the Chinese civil war, Taiwan has long
been a pawn in a regional great game. It is a linchpin for the U.S. in East
Asia alongside Japan, South Korea and the Philippines, and, most important, it
’s the only real democracy in the Chinese-speaking world. “This election
matters because it’s a window into democracy rooted in Chinese tradition,”
says Lung Ying-tai, an author and social commentator who recently stepped
down as Culture Minister. “Because of Taiwan, the world is able to envision
a different China.”

Taiwan’s politics irritate and befuddle Beijing. To the ruling Chinese
Communist Party (CCP), Taiwan is the province that got away, a living,
breathing, voting reminder of what could happen to China if the CCP loosens
its grip on its periphery, from Tibet to Xinjiang to Hong Kong. Beijing is
particularly wary of a change in government from Ma’s relatively
China-friendly Kuomintang (KMT) to Tsai’s firmly China-skeptic Democratic
Progressive Party (DPP). When Tsai ran for President in 2012, Beijing blasted
her, without actually naming her, as a “troublemaker” and “splittist”—
CCP-speak reserved for Dalai Lama–level foes. “A DPP government means
uncertainty for cross-strait ties,” says Lin Gang, a Taiwan specialist at
Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s School of International and Public Affairs.

To the U.S., which is bound by the Taiwan Relations Act to come to the island
’s aid if it’s attacked, Taiwan is a longtime friend and unofficial ally,
though the strength of that friendship is being tested by China’s rise.
Washington worries that Taiwan’s people, especially its youth, are growing
warier of China, and that any conflict between the two might draw in the U.S.
“What this election has done is crystallize the changes, the shift in -
public opinion,” says Shelley Rigger, a Taiwan scholar at Davidson College
in North Carolina and the author of Why Taiwan Matters. “I don’t think
cross-strait relations are going to be easy going forward, and that’s not
something U.S. policymakers want to hear.”

The KMT has yet to formally nominate a candidate for the top job, but the
favorite is Hung Hsiu-chu, the legislature’s female deputy speaker.
Nicknamed “little hot pepper” because of her diminutive stature and feisty
manner, Hung, 67, would be a contrast to the more professorial Tsai should
she get the KMT’s nod. “I don’t think [Tsai] is a strong opponent,” Hung
tells TIME. Yet the DPP’s choice, who has already started pressing the flesh
islandwide, is spirited too. “People have this vision of me as a
conservative person, but I’m actually quite adventurous,” she says. And
possessed of a sharp sense of humor—when I compliment her cooking, Tsai
looks at me with mock exasperation: “I have a Ph.D., you know.”

Tsai grew up in a home on Taipei’s Zhongshan Road North, a street named
after Taiwan’s symbolic father, Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese revolutionary who
helped overthrow the Qing and co-founded the KMT. Her own father, an auto
mechanic turned property developer, was of the Confucian kind: he encouraged
her to study hard but also expected her, as the youngest daughter, to devote
herself to his care. “I was not considered a kid that would be successful in
my career,” says Tsai.

After attending university in Taiwan, she studied law at Cornell in New York
because, she says, it seemed the place for a young woman who “wanted to have
a revolutionary life.” From there she went to the London School of
Economics, where she earned her Ph.D., also in law, in less than three years.
“That pleased my father,” she says. When he called her home, she obliged,
returning to Taiwan to teach and, in 1994, to enter government in a series of
high-profile but mostly policy-- oriented roles in the Fair Trade Commission,
National Security Council and Mainland Affairs Council.

Even close supporters say Tsai was, and perhaps still is, an unlikely
politician, especially for the DPP. Taiwan’s opposition party was forged in
struggle and led by veterans of the democracy movement- —a fight Tsai mostly
missed. The Kaohsiung Incident in 1979—a human- -rights rally that was
violently broken up by security forces, galvanizing the democracy movement—
took place while Tsai was overseas, cocooned in the ivory tower. If the
archetypal DPP operative is a bare-knuckle street fighter, Tsai is an Olympic
fencer—restrained and precise.

She stepped into the spotlight in 2008, becoming party chair when the DPP
found itself booted from office, with its chief Chen Shui-bian, the outgoing
President, later convicted of corruption. While she possessed a deep
knowledge of policy, Tsai did not then seem like a leader. “She used to sort
of hide behind me when we went door to door,” recalls legislator Hsiao
Bi-khim, a longtime colleague and friend. “People compared her to a lost
bunny in the forest, with wolves surrounding, both from within the party and
outside.”

After an unsuccessful 2010 mayoral bid, Tsai ran for, and also lost, the
presidency in 2012. Jason Liu, a veteran DPP speechwriter, says now that the
campaign did not “sell” Tsai well enough. The ideas were strong, but the
delivery left “distance between her and the voters.” Ironically, it was not
until her concession speech that Tsai seemed to connect emotionally with
Taiwan’s citizens. “You may cry,” she told the tearful crowd. “But don’t
lose heart.”

A lot has changed since 2012. Eleven hours after making eggs, with a policy
meeting, a cross-country train ride and a harbor tour behind her, Tsai is
addressing a couple hundred students at a university in the southern city of
Kaohsiung, a DPP stronghold. She’s in lecture mode, at ease, talking about
her party’s economic plans: stronger regional links and a focus on
innovation to support small businesses. “How many of you went to Taipei for
the Sunflower protests?” she asks in Mandarin. At least a third raise their
hands.

Taiwan’s students were once seen as apathetic. But during spring last year,
Taipei was swept up by thousands-strong demonstrations over a services pact
with China. Student and civic groups worried that the deal could hurt Taiwan’
s economy and leave it vulnerable to pressure from Beijing. They felt it was
pushed through without adequate public scrutiny. The Sunflower Movement, as
it came to be called after a florist donated bundles of the blooms, grew into
a grassroots revolt, culminating in the March 18 storming of the legislature.

The movement was grounded in questions of social justice. Since coming to
power in 2008, Ma has argued that cross-strait commerce is the key to the -
island’s fortunes, signing 21 trade deals. Yet young people in particular
wonder if the deals benefit only Big Business on both sides of the strait.
They say rapprochement with Beijing has left them none the richer, and
agonize over the high cost of housing, flat wages and the possibility of
local jobs going to China. A sign during a protest outside the Presidential
Palace on March 30 last year captured the mood: “We don’t have another
Taiwan to sell.”

The emphasis on quality of life, and not just macro-indicators, is good news
for Tsai. Her vision for a more economically independent Taiwan did not sway
the electorate in 2012 but may now have stronger appeal. The KMT, bruised by
the Sunflower protests and then battered by fed-up voters in midterm polls
last fall, is trying to remake itself as a more populist party. Timothy Yang,
a former Foreign Minister who is now vice president of the National Policy
Foundation, the KMT’s think tank, says the party stands by its cross-strait
record. But even Yang, a KMT stalwart, is keen to address the issue of
equity: “The benefits of this interaction with mainland China should be
shared with the general public.”

Tsai should easily carry traditional DPP support: much of the south, the
youth vote, and those who identify as Taiwanese and who are not a part of the
elite that came from China after the CCP victory in 1949. The DPP’s missing
link is Big Business, which supports the KMT and closer ties with the
mainland, where many Taiwan companies are invested. Tsai recognizes that this
is a constituency she needs to woo but doesn’t seem clear as to how, beyond
saying, “Our challenge is to produce something that is sensible to both
sides without being considered as a traitor to the friends we used to be with
when we were an opposition party.”

That will be hard. The KMT has long argued that it, not the DPP, is best
qualified to run the economy, which, corruption apart, did not do well under
Chen. Tsai’s supporters concede that many citizens feel the same way—that
the DPP can be an effective opposition but not administration. “The KMT has
always portrayed itself as more suited to guide the economy,” says J.
Michael Cole, a Taipei-based senior fellow with the University of Nottingham’
s China Policy Institute and a senior officer at Tsai’s Thinking Taiwan
Foundation. “There’s this stubborn perception that a DPP government would
be bad for business.”

It’s a narrative that the CCP backs and may well float as the campaign
progresses, either directly, in China’s state-controlled press, or
indirectly, through, for instance, its connections in Taiwan’s business
community. “Beijing is going to want to make a point through all sorts of
channels, including Big Business, that cross-strait relations will not be as
smooth if you vote a government into power that has not accepted the
foundation that has underpinned developments of the last eight years,” says
Alan Romberg, a distinguished fellow at the Stimson Center, a Washington,
D.C., think tank.

Beijing has never been receptive to a DPP government, but it is particularly
negative now. Since coming to power in 2012, China’s leader Xi Jinping has
proved himself to be more assertive and nationalistic than most expected, a
man not eager to compromise. Last September he told a delegation from the
island that China and Taiwan might be one day be reunited under Hong Kong’s
“one country, two systems” formula, which is rejected by both the KMT and
DPP and, surveys consistently show, the vast majority of Taiwan’s people.
This May, Xi warned again about the danger of “separatist forces”—a
comment widely interpreted as a swipe at the DPP.

Cross-strait relations are managed according to the so-called 1992 Consensus
reached by Beijing and Taipei (then also governed by the KMT), a formula the
KMT’s Yang calls “a masterpiece of ambiguity.” Under the 1992 Consensus,
both sides acknowledge that there is only one China, but without specifying
what - exactly that means. This, Yang says, has allowed the KMT to move
forward on bilateral trade, transport and tourism without being forced to
address whether “one China” is the China imagined by Beijing or by Taipei.

The DPP has long promoted de jure independence. The first clause in its
charter calls for “the establishment of an independent sovereignty known as
the Republic of Taiwan,” not the Republic of China, Taiwan’s official name.
This platform resonates with the DPP base but is increasingly untenable given
China’s economic clout and growing power on the world stage. While the first
DPP presidency under Chen was hardly a break from the past, it did see a
cooling with Beijing. Things warmed again under Ma. Lin, the Taiwan expert at
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, says Tsai is somewhere between Chen and Ma: “
If she wins the election, she will not pursue Taiwan independence. But she
will not promote the development of the cross-strait relationship as Ma
Ying-jeou did.”

Tsai stresses that she will not alter the politics between Taiwan and China,
but she is vague about whether she will repeal the DPP’s independence
clause. And unification? That, she says, “is something you have to resolve
democratically—it is a decision to be made by the people here.”

Hung, Tsai’s potential KMT opponent, says the DPP flag bearer needs to
clarify her stance on cross-strait relations. “People ask her, ‘What is the
status quo?’ and she can’t say anything specific,” says Hung. The KMT’s
Yang offers a metaphor: “Before you harvest, you have to plow the land,
transplant the seedlings, fertilize; all the work … has been done by the
KMT, and yet they are going to harvest the crop?”

Tsai believes she will win that right. Several days before I return to my
Beijing base, over Taiwan-Japanese fusion in Kaohsiung, Tsai is quietly
confident that she will gain the trust of Taiwan’s voters and secure
victory, whatever Beijing might think. She puts a final piece of tuna on my
plate. It’s from Pingtung County in the south, where she was born. “Go back
to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next
President of Taiwan.”

—With reporting by Zoher - Abdoolcarim, Gladys Tsai
and Natalie Tso/Taipei

[fmdr4428]

來做做看201507717 GRE等價真題
After continuously rising in the fall, the merchandise price fell,leaving the analysts wondering whether the downward
tendency is a turning point, or ____before the demand picks up in winter months.
[A] spike
[B] upsurge
[C] harbinger
[D] lull
[E] portent
[F] respite

[fmdr4428]

解說

空格要選可以解釋downward tendency 的字眼。因為是downward，所以不選與上升有關的[A] spike/[B] upsurge

能搭配downward這種負面的字眼只剩[D]lull/[F] respite

答案是DF

字詞解釋
spike：
在美語的informal用法中，spike當動詞時，意思是to increase suddenly。即急遽升高，當名詞時是a sudden increase，請見以下的例句----

1.The private, non-profit organization conducted the survey between July 5 and July 18, days before the latest California heat wave that spike temperatures across the state. PPIC said the poll had a margin of error of plus or minus 2 percent.

heat wave that spike temperatures across the state翻成: "使得整個州的溫度爆增(陡/劇昇)的熱浪"
用現在簡單式，有可能是寫文章時，這波 heatwave 還在，故用現在簡單式, 而不用過去式

2.Before water temperatures spiked here in 2002, this reef was brimming with life.
在兩千年，水溫急遽升高以前，這片海洋原本充滿了各式生機(命)

[fmdr4428]

對台灣時事十分關心的《老外看台灣》英籍主持人郝毅博拍出一支「世界該感謝台灣的7個理由」短片，分享世界該向台灣道謝的七大理由。

1. 十五年前李安所導的「臥虎藏龍」被視為最有藝術成就及國際知名度的電影之一；另外於坎城影展剛拿下最佳導演的侯孝賢也是台灣人。

2. 紅遍美國的中式料理「左宗棠雞」是一位台灣廚師為總統所做的一道菜，甚至有人為這道菜拍攝紀錄片。

3. 曾為美國第一夫人蜜雪兒製作高雅禮服的設計師為台灣人吳季剛；2014年的世足賽有十隊的環保球衣由台灣製造；全球消防隊防火衣超過5成來自台灣；美國十件有八件瑜珈服也是用台灣廠商的布料。

4. 全世界有超過一半的水龍頭皆為台灣製造。

5. 台灣在二戰期間，比起美國更早與日本抗戰，貢獻不可忽略。

6. 中華民國為亞洲第一個民主共和國，國際上一直處於弱勢，而明年總統大選兩位候選人皆為女性，他們的民主制度對中國共產黨的影響可能會越來越大，也是中共最害怕的一點。

7. 最後一點郝毅博認為，台灣人非常樂意幫助別人，周遭國家發生危難時，台灣都不吝出錢出力相助，例如台灣於2011對日本311地震的資助比其他93個捐款的國家還要多。

這隻短片隨後在PTT引起網友熱烈討論。「吳季剛的成就與台灣無關，就和林書豪一樣」。
針對全球消防隊防火衣超過5成來自台灣，網友「st890284」批評，反觀台灣「自己國家消防隊一堆裝備沒得更新」。

[fmdr4428]

台灣好夯！不只亞洲國家 就連這些國家旅客也搶著來～
NOWnewsNOWnews – 2015年7月24日 下午5:13

旅遊中心／台北報導
你知道全世界哪些國家旅客，最嚮往來台灣觀光嗎？根據旅遊搜尋引擎公佈的結果，香港、日本、韓國名列前三名。此外，就連歐洲的英國、德國也進入前10名國家，顯見台灣旅遊魅力不只是亞洲喜歡，更吸引了歐洲旅客。

全球旅遊搜尋引擎Skyscanner根據全球使用者在Skyscanner網站或手機應用程式搜尋目的地為台灣，且出發時間為2015年7月或8月（暑假期間）的統計結果發現，2015年暑假期間全球最想前往台灣旅遊的前10名國家與地區排名。前三名分別是香港、日本，以及南韓。值得留意的是名單中有歐洲的英國（排名第5）與德國（排名第10），英國甚至排在中國（排名第6）之前。

台灣豐富的人文與風土民情享譽國際，吸引了很多想要體驗不同風格的外國旅客，除了亞洲觀光客喜歡前往台灣旅遊外，澳洲和歐美地區前往台灣的觀光客也漸漸增多，根據台灣觀光局的統計資料顯示，外籍人士來台的主要目的是觀光。多元的文化和美味的食物，使得到夜市找台灣經典小吃是許多外國觀光客的必排行程，再加上台灣人民的親切感，都吸引了無數外國觀光客前往。

此外，像是台灣的便利商店密度全球第一，不僅隨處可見，各種便民的服務例如現煮咖啡、快遞、取貨、蔬果販售、休憩空間，以及各種帳單繳款等，都讓外國旅客讚賞不已，甚至讓許多國外的業者前來取經。

全球前10名最想來台灣觀光的國家與地區
1.香港 2.日本 3.韓國 4.新加坡 5.英國 6.中國 7.美國 8.澳洲 9.泰國 10.德國

[fmdr4428]

那些和行星有關的GRE單字---

首先，要帶大家一起回顧原先的太陽系九大行星(現在變成八大行星加上冥王星這顆矮行星)的英文名：
水星（Mercury）、金星（Venus）、地球（Earth）、火星（Mars）、土星（Saturn）、木星（Jupiter）、
天王星（Uranus）、海王星（Neptune）、冥王星（Pluto）。

除了Earth跟希臘神話沒有關係以外，其他的行星和矮行星的命名都是希臘神話中的某個神。不過，今天並不是要深扒背後的神話故事，而要帶大家一起看一組與八大行星（加上冥王星這個矮行星）有關的GRE單字。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pluto
1. 冥界之神，陰間之神。
因為具有“冥河之寶藏”而使得 “Pluto-”作為詞根表示”財富”。eg: plutocracy 財閥統治； plutolatry 拜金主義。

註：
a. Pluto—你可能比較熟悉的是disney卡通裏頭的那隻狗，布魯托。

b. -olatry：表示「崇拜」的字尾

例如：
Idolatry n. (名詞 noun) 偶像(idol)崇拜;盲目崇拜;過度崇信
The queen was adored to the point of idolatry. 女王被崇敬得快成偶像了

Cosmolatry：Worship of the world or of the universe.
Cynolatry：The worship of dogs.

2.冥王星（Pluto）
語言不是一成不變的，pluto這個字就是個好例子。

2007年01月05日，新年伊始，在美國方言學會（American Dialect Society，會員多為語言學家、歷史學家、學者、作家等）召開的年會中，選定“plutoed”（由“冥王星降級”，引申為“被貶、被降級”）為美國2006年度詞彙。

讓我們來看外電相關報導："Plutoed" was chosen 2006's Word of the Year by the American Dialect Society at its annual meeting Friday.

To "pluto" is "to demote or devalue someone or something," much like what happened to the former planet last year when the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union decided Pluto didn't meet its definition of a planet.

報導指出，冥王星因在the General Assembly of International Astronomical Union（國際天文學聯合會大會）上被認為不符合行星標準, 被從九大行星中除名，不僅如此，Pluto還被降級成矮行星（dwarf planet）而遭降級。名詞“Pluto”（冥王星）由此被語言學家賦予了動詞涵義“降級、貶值”。相應的，Pluto（降級、貶值）的過去分詞形式“Plutoed”則用來形容“被貶、被降級”。

2006年八月當這個消息傳出時，很多人除了震驚，更無法接受。想想看，那個我們從小就習慣的「九大行星」，一夕之間竟然變成「八大行星」，變化也太大了吧。

Pluto事件後，許多人便開始將這個字當動詞用，例如：
I was her boyfriend, but then I got plutoed to“friend.”（我本來是她的男朋友，結果被降級成「朋友」）

He walked into office this morning only to learn that he had been plutoed.（他今早進辦公室，才知道自己被降級了）。

而且pluto多用在一個人或事在沒有充足理由或被充分告知的情況下，莫名其妙被「做掉」，就好像可憐的Pluto一樣。

有失亦有得，看來冥王星雖在天文學界遭“降級”，不想卻“因禍得福”，贏得了語言學一席之地。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Mercury：水星
即使不知道Mercury是水星的小夥伴，也可能對mercury這個單詞很熟悉。因為這個單詞就是出現在是你的手機上或者iPad上的mercury瀏覽器。此外，mercury還有「水銀，汞」的意思。不過，mercurial這個詞你也許會更熟悉。
Mercurial adj. 善變的

我們來看一組意思為「善變的」的詞：
Volatile, capricious, whimsical, fickle, inconstant, erratic, labile, protean, metamorphous, fluctuating, variable, temperamental, fluid

我們再來看一組意思為「善變」的詞：
caprice, vagary, vagrancy, whimsy

帶大家仔細的剖析這一堆跟「善變」有關的單詞:whimsy & whimsical: whimsy n. 怪念頭，反覆無常。Whimsy的詞根是whim，意思是 「奇想；一時的興致」 。

一時的興致，就好比之前一窩蜂瘋蛋塔，過不了多久又換日本的薯條三兄弟人氣伴手禮-----總會出現新的熱潮。這種「一時的興致」的根源就是因為人具有善變的一面。

temperamental: 來自名詞temperament，性格，喜怒無常的性情。 Temperamental包含詞根temper，脾氣。

Saturn：土星
Saturnine adj. 憂鬱的；陰沉的。

憂鬱的: dour, gloomy, morose, sulky, sullen

「憂鬱」和「愉快高興」也是常考的一對意思。
愉快高興的：bright, buoyant, gay, jocular, jocund, jovial

注意，gay除了我們生活中常用的那個意思外，還有一個意思就是「愉快高興的」。
所以如果有一天別人問你「Are you gay?」的時候也許是在問你「你高興嗎？」。

[fmdr4428]

與愛有關的GRE單字

Adore
Adore既可以表示對某人的深愛（to love or admire someone very much）；也可以表示對某件東西的喜愛（be very fond of something）。在許多歐美電影裡，我們也看到過I adore you這樣的表白，單身的人可以記下來在適當的時候使用。
-----------------------------------------------------
cosset表示一種寵愛：給與某人非常多的關心和注意力；cosset也可以表示溺愛(to give someone too much care and attention). Cosseted做形容詞就是被寵壞的。

例句
These cosseted beneficiaries of an iniquitous order are also quick to ostracise the stray dissenter among them, as the case of Greece reveals. The Guardian Jul 24, 2015
如同希臘的情況所顯示的，不公不義的(社會)秩序下的這些嬌生慣養的受益者，也會很快排斥(ostracise)/ 放逐他們之間雜散的反對者---衛報

記法：cosset的發音很像《悲慘世界Les miserables》中被尚萬強（法語：Jean Valjean，1769年－1833年）收養的芳婷（Fantine）的女兒珂賽特（Cosette）的發音，大家只要記住
珂賽特（Cosette）是倍受芳婷和尚萬強寵愛的小孩，就會記住cosset就是寵愛的意思。

(Les miserables，法文的意思是「這些可憐的人」，中文翻譯成《悲慘世界》，也有翻譯成《孤星淚》，其實都不太恰當，照原來的意思《一群可憐的人》是最合適的)

Think you know cosset? Quiz yourself:
cosset means to:
1.combat
2.confiscate
3.cower
4.coddle

ans.4
---------------------------------------------------------

Mollycoddle
mollycoddle與cosset相似，mollycoddle也表示溺愛（to treat with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention），把molly去掉，coddle同樣表示溺愛。Molly可以用來做女生的名字，所以mollycoddle這個單詞可以記憶成“溺愛莫莉”。

Deify
deify表達的是一種把對方當做神一樣的敬愛(to treat someone or something like a god or goddess)，比如很多追星狂熱分子對偶像的愛就是一種deify: EXO were deified by lots of female fans.


學完了單詞，我們再來看一道關於愛的GRE填空題：
The passions of love and pride are often found in the same individual, but having little in common, they mutually______, not to say destroy, each other.
A. reinforce
B. annihilate
C. enhance
D. weaken
E. embrace


這道題目談到了在一個人身上的愛和自尊之間的關係。But告訴我們love and pride之間是相對負向的關係，而not to say destroy與空格形成了程度對比，提醒我們，love and pride之間是一個還不至於互相毀滅的負向關係，於是選出答案weaken。這道填空題告訴我們：愛與自尊之間互相削弱：自尊心傷害愛情，而反過來愛又讓人失去自尊。選D。


再看一個GRE閱讀中關於愛的句子：
Our “frailties”—emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, “in the grip” of them.

句子的主幹是：“Frailties” may be a mixed assortment……but frailties share one immediate quality.

句子大意：我們的所謂“弱點”——諸如憤怒、恐懼、貪婪、暴食、喜悅、欲望、愛這樣的情感和動機——可能是一種非常混雜的混合物，但它們至少共有一個相近的特性：正如我們所言，人類深陷其中無法擺脫它們。

愛是否和其它情感一樣，是人類的弱點？還是說愛情把人類與其它動物區別開來？

最後，分享一句王爾德的話結束今天對愛的討論，看完之後請快去背單字作題目：
You don't love someone for their looks, or their clothes, or for their fancy car, but because they sing a song only you can hear.——Oscar Wilde

[fmdr4428]

1.美國NASA發現一顆近似地球的太陽系外行星(exoplanet)、處於「適居帶」(habitable zone)，因此有機會孕育生命，天文學家形容此行星為「地球的大表哥」(Bigger, Older Cousin to Earth)。exoplanet(n.系外行星)= 字首exo-(同ex-，表outside)+ planet(行星)。(★exobiology 太空生物學 也有字首exo-)

2.誰說水上芭蕾(synchronized swimming)是女子的專利，2015在俄羅斯舉行的世界游泳錦標賽(World Aquatics Championships)將首度有男子水上芭蕾項目。synchronized來自動詞synchronize(同步)，字首syn-表with或together，字根chron表time，-ize為動詞字尾，故synchronize字面上表「時間是一起的或一樣的」，引申成「同步」。

3.樂壇盛事《MTV音樂錄影帶頒獎禮》將於2015-08-24舉行，日前大會公布入圍名單，天后Beyoncé提名領先(Beyoncé leads the pack)。lead the pack中的pack表 「一群人」，lead當動詞，表「帶頭；引領」，lead the pack字面上表「在一群人前面帶頭」，引申成「居領先地位」。

4.已故演員Paul Walker，他的弟弟Cody Walker現在要效法他踏上演藝之路了。(Cody Walker is following in his brother’s footsteps.)他即將在Nicolas Cage的新片中擔綱演出。follow in one’s footsteps 字面上表「跟在某人腳步後面走」，引申成「效法某人」。

[fmdr4428]

1.南韓自行宣布MERS疫情結束，呼籲民眾擺脫不安心理，但根據WHO的標準，若從最後一名患者痊癒之日起28天內無新增病例，就可宣布MERS疫情結束。28天是MERS病毒潛伏期(incubation period)的兩倍。incubation(n.孵化；潛伏)=字首in(表動詞)+字根cub(表sit)+名詞字尾ation，字面上是sit on (eggs)，也就是坐在蛋上面，引申成「孵化」。

2.已故歌手Whitney Houston唯一的女兒Bobbi Kristina Brown於2015-07-26星期日不幸過世，年僅22歲，根據家人說法，Kristina因永久性的腦部傷害(irreversible brain damage)從一月就一直處於昏迷(coma)狀態。irreversible (adj. 不可逆的；不可翻轉的)由字首ir-(表not)+字首re-(表back)+字根vers-(同vert-，表turn)+形容詞字尾ible(表可~的)組成。