Prep Test1- essay6

[kotokolin]

Colonial historian David Allen's intensive
study of five communities in
seventeenth-century Massachusetts is
a model of meticulous scholarship on the
detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing
up to a point. Allen suggests that (much
more coherence and direct continuity existed
between English and colonial agricultural
practices and administrative organization
than other historians have suggested. )
Allen主張England殖民地有很緊密且直接連續性的採用England的農業方法和組織管理方式
However, he overstates his case with the
declaration that he has proved "the
remarkable extent to which diversity in New
England local institutions was directly
imitative of regional differences in the
mother country."
作者說他誇大他的案例, 證明New England的制度多樣性是直接學習England的區域差異，接下來可以預期作者要說Allen哪邊有問題

Such an assertion ignores critical differences
between seventeenth-century England and
New England. First, England was
overcrowded and land-hungry; New England
was sparsely populated and labor-hungry.
Second, England suffered the normal
European rate of mortality; New England,
especially in the first generation of English
colonists, was virtually free from infectious
diseases. Third, England had an
all-embracing state church; in New England
membership in a church was restricted to the
elect. Fourth, a high proportion of English
villagers lived under paternalistic resident
squires; no such class existed in New
England. By narrowing his focus to village
institutions and ignoring these critical
differences, which studies by Greven, Demos,
and Lockridge have shown to be so
important, Allen has created a somewhat
distorted picture of reality.
用了另三個人的研究指出Allen的論點扭曲事實, 四點差異是Allen忽略的

Allen's work is a rather extreme example of
the "country community" school of
seventeenth-century English history whose
intemperate excesses in removing all
national issues from the history of that
period have been exposed by Professor Clive
Holmes. What conclusion can be drawn, for
example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan
clergy who had come to the colonies from
East Anglia were one-third to one-half as
likely to return to England by 1660 as were
Puritan ministers from western and northern
England? We are not told in what way, if at
all, this discovery illuminates historical
understanding. Studies of local history have
enormously expanded our horizons, but it is
a mistake for their authors to conclude that
village institutions are all that mattered,
simply because their functions are all that the
records of village institutions reveal.
作者繼續批評, 說Allen的作品是country community派=>過度把national issues從歷史中移除; 最後又說了一次那些學者太注重village institutions(忽略了national issue)

[kotokolin]

Question #17.
According to the passage, which of the following was true of most villages in seventeenth-century England?

答案(A)

(A) The resident squire had significant authority.
=> 沒錯, 定位在這句"a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires"
(B) Church members were selected on the basis of their social status within the community. => 正好相反, England沒這規定, 是New England才有這規定
(C) Low population density restricted agricultural and economic growth.=> 相反, 文章說England was overcrowded and land-hungry
(D) There was little diversity in local institutions from one region to another.=>錯, 第一段最後一句"the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country"知道差異不小
(E) National events had little impact on local customs and administrative organization.=> 錯, 從最後一段知道National issue有影響

[kotokolin]

Question #18.
The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

定位在第三段才有提到Clive Holmes, 第一句, 就是A啦
"Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes."
(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.
(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.
(C) Most historians distort reality by focusing on national concerns to the exclusion of local concerns.
(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.
(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

[kotokolin]

Question #19.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage considers Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

(A) already known to earlier historians
(B) based on a logical fallacy
(C) improbable but nevertheless convincing
(D) an unexplained, isolated fact
(E) a new, insightful observation

這題我是定位在文章最後一句, 但我不懂為何要選D, 請大家幫個忙

[mitori]

這題我也不懂, 請大大指導一下

[dibert8]

19. 從作者態度可以看出,作者對這事情 (discovery) 沒有好感:
What conclusion can be drawn, for
example, from Allen's discovery ...
We are not told in what way, if at
all, this discovery illuminates historical
understanding.
作者可以說完全給予負面評價(i.e. if at all), 因此要找出完全負向的選項.

(A) 0
(B) -
(C) -/+
(D) -/-
(E) +/+
哪個負最多? => (D)

再細看,其實
(A) 文章沒有提到這事 already known
(B) 文章沒有提到這事的 logic, 自然就不會有 fallacy
(C) 罵到臭頭了,不可能 convincing
(D) 這事的確是 fact
(E) 說它 insightful 當然也不可能

[evangelinewu]

19. 從作者態度可以看出,作者對這事情 (discovery) 沒有好感:
What conclusion can be drawn, for
example, from Allen's discovery ...
We are not told in what way, if at
all, this discovery illuminates historical
understanding.
作者可以說完全給予負面評價(i.e. if at all), 因此要找出完全負向的選項.

What conclusion can be drawn, for
example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan
clergy who had come to the colonies from
East Anglia were one-third to one-half as
likely to return to England by 1660 as were
Puritan ministers from western and northern
England? We are not told in what way, if at
all, this discovery illuminates historical
understanding.
不好意思...這幾句話的句意我實在讀不太懂
我試著翻譯一下我的理解：
Allen的discovery過於瑣碎，如果最終這個發現可以有助於闡釋歷史意涵，使我們對殖民史有更多的瞭解，到底在這個例子上我們可以得出什麼樣的結論(for further research)？
請高手指點一下

另外...我有點看不懂上面這個例子也(是不是應該去SC版問 )
Allen的研究發現從East Anglia 來的清教徒神職人員在1660回到England的數量是來自western and northern England的三分之一到二分之一
是這樣嗎....？這種比較類型的句子一長我頭就昏了......

[dibert8]

覺得對句子的理解正確啊!
不過 RC 這裡對發現的內容似乎不挺在意.

[orange0828]

Question #18.
The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

定位在第三段才有提到Clive Holmes, 第一句, 就是A啦
"Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes."
(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.
(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.
(C) Most historians distort reality by focusing on national concerns to the exclusion of local concerns.
(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.
(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

是我的閱讀太差還是理解錯誤.
whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. 這句話的意思在"我"的理解上是 過份移除所有national issues 是受到Professor Clive Holmes的影響...
可是跟ANS不符,....到底是哪裡出了錯呢??

[yvetteliao]

Question #18.
The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

定位在第三段才有提到Clive Holmes, 第一句, 就是A啦
"Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes."
(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.
(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.
(C) Most historians distort reality by focusing on national concerns to the exclusion of local concerns.
(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.
(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

是我的閱讀太差還是理解錯誤.
whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. 這句話的意思在"我"的理解上是 過份移除所有national issues 是受到Professor Clive Holmes的影響...
可是跟ANS不符,....到底是哪裡出了錯呢??

whose intemperate excesses (in removing all national issues from the history of that period) have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.

藍色為此句真正的結構
因此我認為句意是"A教授過度的移除national issues被C教授揭發"
所以C教授是同意要考慮national issues

[orange0828]

藍色為此句真正的結構
因此我認為句意是"A教授過度的移除national issues被C教授揭發"
所以C教授是同意要考慮national issues[/quote]

謝謝yvetteliao的解答,我一直以為expose是受到...的影響,
再查了一下字典有show and tell the truth 的意思,
非常感謝yvetteliao迅速的回答

[hwatai]

Question #18.
The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

定位在第三段才有提到Clive Holmes, 第一句, 就是A啦
"Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes."
(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.
(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.
(C) Most historians distort reality by focusing on national concerns to the exclusion of local concerns.
(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.
(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

是我的閱讀太差還是理解錯誤.
whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. 這句話的意思在"我"的理解上是 過份移除所有national issues 是受到Professor Clive Holmes的影響...
可是跟ANS不符,....到底是哪裡出了錯呢??

whose intemperate excesses (in removing all national issues from the history of that period) have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.

藍色為此句真正的結構
因此我認為句意是"A教授過度的移除national issues被C教授揭發"
所以C教授是同意要考慮national issues

可是被揭露(expose)
為何就可說Professor Clive Holmes是站在反方的立場？

還是說expose的行為者
語感上一定就是所謂「正義」的一方，去expose「負面」一方?

[willyyang]

參考一下下面的解釋囉

expose (V) show truth; to tell the true facts about a person or a situation, and show them/it to be "immoral", "illegal",etc.

[chris8888]

What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? 作者自己提出一個問題, 問自己

We are not told in what way[/u], if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding. 然後說我們並未被告知, 因此不知道這種觀點, 如果根本上有這樣的觀點, 那麼this discovery 就將進一步闡釋了歷史的了解.

應該是說這個發現並沒有被熱切的討論(unexplained), 所以大家都忽略掉它(isolated), 但若有, 進一步詮釋了歷史

It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage considers Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

(A) already known to earlier historians
(B) based on a logical fallacy
(C) improbable but nevertheless convincing
(D) an unexplained, isolated fact
(E) a new, insightful observation

[小花]

Question #19.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage considers Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

(A) already known to earlier historians
(B) based on a logical fallacy
(C) improbable but nevertheless convincing
(D) an unexplained, isolated fact
(E) a new, insightful observation

這題我是定位在文章最後一句, 但我不懂為何要選D, 請大家幫個忙

Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, (轉折語氣 ,對比)but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.


閱讀好像都是用作者態度去選答案