OG-173

[shopcat]

173. Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore,
ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.

我對題目的解讀是:研究人員發現當有想對低的metabolic比率過重的人減重一開始是透過節食,而他們的metabolic一般都維持不變.因此他們比一般正常的體重的人燃燒較少的卡洛里在新增加的體重上.因此瘦的人直到他們的metaboli可以符合他們的身體大小才會增加體重.

要問前提?

想請教先進們為何選A呢?

[liwuu]

A選項用來排除其他可能使推論不正確的情況!!
題目推論減重後,由於metabolism仍不變,所以會慢慢變胖...
但是如同A,若他們減重後,攝取之calories也隨之減少,則就無法確定之後是否會慢慢變胖...

[shopcat]

我轉出來了,謝啦

[小笨笨]

我還是轉不出來吔！
老實說如果沒有shopcat的翻譯，我連題目的意思都看不懂！
Ａ是什麼意思呀！為什麼要選Ａ哩！（我只能排除Ｃ、Ｄ）
另外，newly thin people 是什麼意思呀！
救命啊！有誰可以救救我～～每每遇到assumption題我就非常頭痛
有什麼解藥嗎？　

[StanleyHuang]

我的翻譯跟 shopcat的翻譯不太一樣：
研究人員發現，當體重超重的人(通常新陳代謝率低) 主要透過節食來減重的話，他們的新陳代謝率通常不會改變。他們在這樣的新體重下，也因此會比一般在同樣體重下的人消耗明顯更少的卡洛里。所以，他們這些剛變廋的人終究還是會一直變重直到他們的體型符合他們的新陳代謝率。

舉個例子來說，100公斤靠節食減肥的人，瘦到70公斤後，新陳代謝還是跟100kg 的時候一樣慢。所以如果停止節食，"吃得至少跟70kg的人一樣多的話"，最後還是會肥回100kg。

newly thin people 就是指這些靠節食從100kg->70kg的人
(A)是說，很少有這種靠節食減重到某個體重的人吃得比一般這種體重的人少。

[小笨笨]

總算有點頭緒了
謝謝小史....感激不盡

[hwatai]

也算是比例問題：透過 calories的進量/calories的出量 決定體重的增減

題目的結論是calories的出量會比一般人低→所以體重會回升

前提自然是calories的進量並沒有降低

(A)選項故意繞個圈子寫。如果將頭兩個字relatively few拿掉，(A)就變成反駁句，denial test成立。

===這題沒有收到討論匯總中，是否有人能個忙?===

[chris8888]

1. 胖(代謝低, 主要靠節食)
胖->瘦(代謝率不變)

結論 : 胖變瘦後, 最終還是會胖回來.

問題 : 做了什麼樣的假設?

2. 邏輯簡圖 :
胖子(代謝低且不改變) -> 胖回來
=> 100公斤(代謝率2%)變瘦65公斤(代謝率2%), 正常人65公斤(代謝率4%)
=> 正常人不節食代謝率4%, 可維持正常人體重不變, 65公斤新瘦人代謝率只有正常人一半(2% < 4%)無法維持新瘦人的體重, 最終變胖. 雖然吃的比100公斤的人少量, 但是跟同樣是65公斤的正常人比, 還是多了, 但代謝率不足以和正常人一起維持, 因此最終還是肥啦

Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
A用雙否定 : 意思是說, 同樣是65公斤, 新瘦人要吃的跟一般的65公斤的 人一樣, 但他假設了新瘦人會吃的比一般人少的人非常的稀少, 相反就是新瘦人吃的比一般人要多的多. 繞口令的感覺, 雙否定可以讓它變成雙肯定, 比較好了解

[chris8888]

173. Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?


(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
較少過重的因節食而瘦下來的人, 他們持續去消耗更多的熱量更少於正常體重的人
改成雙肯定 : 很多當初過重的人消耗更多於正常人的熱量
再改成取非選項 : 很多當初過重的人消耗更少於正常人的熱量 => 去推翻原來的結論, 看可以推翻嗎?
therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
最終, 新瘦人也就是當初肥胖的人會再度胖回來 <== 很多當初過重的人消耗更少於正常人的熱量可以推翻原先的結論, 因此這就是假設前提, 研究人員必做了此番假設, 於是才可以推出上述的結論.

(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
這一題要談胖子變瘦後的假設前題, 不是談瘦子的新陳代謝率較為高. 無關
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
卡洛里燃燒被決定的方式, 無關
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.
化學物質去加速代謝率不是焦點
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.
增重與減重的比較, 無關

[kobeyeh]

翻譯：
超胖人通常有較低的新陳代謝率，透過節食減肥，新陳代謝率還是不變。於是他們燃燒的熱量會遠低於一般人再同樣的體重。假設了一件事最終，變成瘦子的超胖人，還是會回到原來的體重，符合他們新陳代謝的體重。

(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level. 把relatively few取非,變成 mostly,就變成，絕大多數的超胖人，變瘦後，跟同體重的一般人比，還是會持續吃很少的卡洛理。那麼就反駁原文，他們不會再變胖。Ok!