[問題]OG-48

由 **Jessy** » 2004-12-14 15:30

A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune-system activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune-system activity. The researcher concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against physical disease.
The researcher’s conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. High immune-system activity protects against mental illness better than normal immune-system activity does.
B. Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.
C. People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness.
D. Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.
E. Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as effective as is medical treatment.

答案D
這題主要考A→B的論述中, 必須假設前提不可為B→A

選項中的B是唯一有提到mental illness與physical disase的關聯
也恰巧解釋了題目中最後一句The researcher concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against physical disease.
看了好幾次, 還是容易被這個選項拐騙...

由 **Jessy** » 2004-12-14 15:48

熊熊想起也有一題是因果錯置而導致weaken的題目
OG137
http://www.formosamba.com/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=1210

由 **marchmarch** » 2005-04-22 13:52

Clara同學po錯地方，我把他們兩個的內容轉貼過來。

Clara之問題：

Clara \$m[1]::smile

48. A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune-system activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune-system activity. The researcher
concluded from this experiment that the immune system protects against mental illness as well as against
physical disease.
The researcher’s conclusion depends on which of the following assumptions?

B. Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.
C. People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness.
D. Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.

先說我的理解
題目給個發現:低免疫系統導致低心理健康
然後加上某個assumption
可以推導出下列結論:免疫系統幫助人們對抗心理疾病和生理疾病

我之前2次都選了B;因為我想不是要緊扣住"結論的環節"嗎?
既然conclosion部分提了生理疾病....是否就該跟生理相關呢???

我最不會的就是og用"反推"去solve
The researcher concludes from the association of low immune-system activity with low mental-health sores that, in effect, immune system activity can inhibit mental illness. If, contrary to D, mental illness can depress immune-system activity, the association mentioned does not support the researcher’s conclusion. So D must be assumed.
我頭腦轉不過來
D給心理疾病不會造成人的免疫系統下降
看了解答還要想一下才理解
如果以反推
我覺得c也不賴
C給高免疫系統不會產生心理疾病
如果高免疫系統導致心理疾病
那麼就無法做個conclusion"免疫力保護心理與生理"

以上是我的思路
還請指點迷津

Calvin之回答：

Calvin \$m[1]:請記得把A、E選項也貼全了，謝謝先！

當妳選出了妳的正確答案後，不妨用「取非」（也就是妳說的反推）來驗証自己的答案

把B取非後-->Mental illness is UNsimilar to physical disease in its effects on body systems. 對結論完全沒有影響，結論依然可以成立。

事實上，BE都是無關選項，題目說的是immune system跟mental illness的關係，B的疾病症狀、E的治療方法效果與原題論述無關，妳其實是要馬上排除的。

而且題目說people who have low levels of immune-system activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with normal or high immune-system activity.所以A、C專注在講HIGH-IMMUNE SYSTEM上，是不合適的。

看到D，如果mental illness can decrease immune system的話，那麼原題的事實：low immune system---->mental illness，就會有問題了，有可能是high immune system 的人還是有 mental illness，因為mental illness 會decrease immune system，才出現了low immune system and mental illness研究發現的現象。這就完全反駁了結論了。故D才是最重要的前提假設。

由 **lunar916** » 2005-07-27 23:35

怎麼我想來想去就是轉不過來???
我怎麼覺得D才是不連接題目的兩個 idea...

我的思維是這樣的...
Idea 1) 低免疫系統的人比高免疫系統的人,在心理上不健康
Idea 2) 免疫系統保護心理疾病
所以說,心理有病,會引響免疫系統
ㄚ可是D卻說心病部會引響免疫系統
這................

??? ^o)

由 **liwuu** » 2005-07-27 23:57

lunar916 \$m[1]:怎麼我想來想去就是轉不過來???
我怎麼覺得D才是不連接題目的兩個 idea...

我的思維是這樣的...
Idea 1) 低免疫系統的人比高免疫系統的人,在心理上不健康
Idea 2) 免疫系統保護心理疾病
所以說,心理有病,會引響免疫系統ㄚ可是D卻說心病部會引響免疫系統
這................

???

題目並沒有做出藍色字的推論唷...
而是做出免疫系統可以保護生理與心理疾病推論!!
選項D是避免造成倒果為因的情形,心病不會引響免疫系統...
如果心病會影響免疫系統,那麼倒底是低免疫系統造成心病,還是心病造成免疫系統降低則無法判斷...

由 **dibert8** » 2007-04-09 11:39

原來考假設是要到推回去前提,言之似乎有理,待往下做再驗證一下.不錯!
(A) 把 high 跟 normal immune-system activity 拆開了,題目是在一起的,這樣應該推不出來吧!
(B) 這選項來騙人的, 針對題目 immune system 保護兩者就故意把 mental illness 跟 physical disease 相當起來, 其實兩者各不相干.
(C) 太武斷: 即使有保護作用,沒有一種 immune system 會保證人不生病的吧!
(D) 改成肯定,題目第一句話立即失效;一針見血 => 必須立為假設
(E) 題目沒有討論 psychological treatment

由 **avadakedavra** » 2008-11-04 22:56

第一次PO文好緊張
這是我的看法,一開始做ASSUMPTION題的時候都抓不到解題的方法
不過感覺上,ASSUMPTION題型中題目給的都是一個結論(由A→B)
而要使這個結論正確,必須找出一個前提就是 B→A 是不可能發生的

而這題的A是低的免疫系統活動力→B 造成心理疾病

但是其實這有2個可能性
1.如同題目的結論
2.是因為B心理疾病→A免疫力降低

因為要使題目中的結論正確
所以我們要找一個前提是 B 心理疾病→不會造成 A免疫系統降低

所以答案就很清楚的是(D)

EX 舉個例子

A(飼料變貴)→B(買飼料的人變少了)
但是這有兩個可能性唷~
1.如同題目得到的結論
2.是因為買飼料的人變少了才造成飼料變貴

所以為了使題目中得到的結論正確
我們必須要否定第二個可能性
就是,不會因為B→造成A發生

[問題]OG-48

[問題]OG-48

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