[問題]GWD-8-Q13

[bugubugu]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously
established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created
last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless
a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for
new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.
B. The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.
C. This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
D. Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year.
E. The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost.

答案是C, 但為甚麼阿?

[micht]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

a record # of new companies starting + established companies add many new jobs → record number of new jobs created


previously established companies will NOT add new jobs

conclusion: D will NOT break its record for new jobs created this year

C. This year, the new companies starting up will NOT provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.


應該是這樣ㄅ

[bugubugu]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

a record # of new companies starting + established companies add many new jobs → record number of new jobs created


previously established companies will NOT add new jobs

conclusion: D will NOT break its record for new jobs created this year

C. This year, the new companies starting up will NOT provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.


應該是這樣ㄅ

請問C中的the new companies 指得是去年的新公司嗎?
若是指今年的新公司邏輯就很怪了....
因為今年的新公司不是應該要比去年新公司提供更多的工作才會break its record ?

[micht]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.



C. This year, the new companies [今年新成立公司] starting up will NOT provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year. [去年新成立公司變成了previously established 公司]

這題conclusion是... will NOT break the number的情況..不是嗎


有錯請指教 thanks

[bugubugu]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.



C. This year, the new companies [今年新成立公司] starting up will NOT provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year. [去年新成立公司變成了previously established 公司]

這題conclusion是... will NOT break the number的情況..不是嗎


有錯請指教 thanks

喔...
可是前面有unless...
不是應該負負得正嗎?
所以conclusion應該是 break the number的情況吧?

[bugubugu]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.



C. This year, the new companies [今年新成立公司] starting up will NOT provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year. [去年新成立公司變成了previously established 公司]

這題conclusion是... will NOT break the number的情況..不是嗎


有錯請指教 thanks

喔...
可是前面有unless...
不是應該負負得正嗎?
所以conclusion應該是 break the number的情況吧?

[micht]

喔...
可是前面有unless...
不是應該負負得正嗎?
所以conclusion應該是 break the number的情況吧?

A+B+C=W發生
W沒發生=A沒發生+B沒發生+ B也沒發生 (or 單一像沒發生W無法成立)

Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.

除非A發生, W不會發生
為何W沒發生

因為W沒發生=A沒發生+B沒發生+C也沒發生


除非A發生,
W發生 = A+B+C


可是文中已經給你"今年"沒發生的狀況是 B沒發生This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year

那是否該要找

因為W沒發生=A沒發生+B沒發生+C也沒發生


天阿....@@ 難解

[bugubugu]

喔...
可是前面有unless...
不是應該負負得正嗎?
所以conclusion應該是 break the number的情況吧?

A+B+C=W發生
W沒發生=A沒發生+沒發生+ 也沒發生

Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.

除非A發生, W不會發生
為何W沒發生

因為W沒發生=A沒發生+B沒發生+C也沒發生


除非A發生,
W發生 = A+B+C


可是文中已經給你"今年"沒發生的狀況是 B沒發生This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year

那是否該要找

因為W沒發生=A沒發生+B沒發生+C也沒發生



天阿....@@ 難解

雖然複雜...
但是懂了....

[agk99]

有unless 畢竟是少數題，但就OG中的意見，有unless的話，一般即可視為比較武斷，幾乎是不會成立，以GWD8-13為例，這個除非與其解釋成"除非有新公司開出新工作機會"，還不如解釋成"根本不可能有新公司開得出新工作機會"，可能比較能理解
同樣在OG73也有相同例子

73. “Fast cycle time” is a strategy of designing a manufacturing organization to eliminate bottlenecks and delays in production. Not only does it speed up production, but it also assures quality. The reason is that the bottlenecks and delays cannot be eliminated unless all work is done right the first time.

The claim about quality made above rests on a questionable presupposition that
(A) any flaw in work on a product would cause a bottleneck or delay and so would be prevented from occurring on a “fast cycle” production line
(B) the strategy of “fast cycle time” would require fundamental rethinking of product design
(C) the primary goal of the organization is to produce a product of unexcelled quality, rather than to generate profits for stockholders
(D) “fast cycle time” could be achieved by shaving time off each of the component processes in production cycle
(E) “fast cycle time” is a concept in business strategy that has not yet been put into practice in a factory

選A，這顯示不必太看重unless的角色，就直接視為一種武斷表達，就能解出答案

[eggcake520]

小弟拙見...請各位指教

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless
a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
題目問argument的assumption？

A. In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.
B. The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.
C. This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
D. Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year.
E. The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost.

首先做此題要注意兩件事情：
1. 問題的argument，所以先找到文中的argument也就是題目的結論:Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.
2.問argument的assumption：也就是從選項中選一個讓argument（也就是題中的結論） 正確的即可。

C. This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
此選項提供assumption重要的基準點也就是"今年新公司提供的新工作和過去新公司比較，沒有提供更多的公司機會"...

再來看看argument:"Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created."

把C選項套進argument，因為"今年公司與去年公司提供的新工作機會基準點相同"，所以如argument所述"除非破紀錄數量的新公司在今年開張，否則Derderia的工作機會無法破新紀錄"

講簡單點：
遇到assumption的題目常常就是找相同的基準點，然後讓全文的邏輯正確，這點應該無庸置疑。

所以在相同基準點下:C選項"今年新公司與去年新公司提供相同的工作機會"才會讓結論的邏輯正確。


這樣解題，小弟認為符合ETS考assumption的精神...希望各位指教

[Calvin]

eggcake520, good point, very clear explanation.

well done, thanks for sharing your thoughts.

[DARY]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously
established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created
last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless
a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for
new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.
B. The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.
C. This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
D. Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year.
E. The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost.

答案是C, 但為甚麼阿?

今天想了想，似乎是個簡單的數學不等式

現在有三種公司
2004年新成立的公司......X：為該類公司數量...L(2004)：2004年平均每公司提供的new job數量...L(2005)：2005年平均每公司提供的now job數量
2004年以前成立的公司...Y：為該類公司數量...M(2004)：2004年平均每公司提供的new job數量...M(2005)：2005年平均每公司提供的now job數量
2005年新成立的公司......Z：為該類公司數量...N(2005)：2005年平均每公司提供的new job數量

條件一：(2004年)
2004 new job的數量=X*L(2004)+Y*M(2004)

條件二：(2005年)
2005 new job的數量=Z*N(2005)+X*L(2005)+Y*M(2005)

條件三：This year, previously established companies will not be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year.就是
X*L(2004)>X*L(2005)
Y*M(2004)>Y*M(2005)

Z*N(2005)勢必要大於0，以補足2005年X與Y類公司的差量，並再多出....才能break record
所以break record有兩種可能
可能1：N(2005)超大..則..Z不用太大
可能2：N(2005)超小..則..Z就要很大

Therefore, unless a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for new jobs created.
就是第二種可能，才能符合題目的結論。

可能1=>選項A
可能2=>選項C

所以答案選C

呼呼~~白天做的時候想了一下就繞出來了
剛剛在po的時候，又把題目和答案看了好幾次
真的蠻麻煩的!!
大家參考看看

[DARY]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously
established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created
last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless
a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for
new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.
B. The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.
C. This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
D. Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year.
E. The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost.

答案是C, 但為甚麼阿?

今天想了想，似乎是個簡單的數學不等式
我收回這句話!!

[vegoblack]

Q13:
With a record number of new companies starting up in Derderia, and with previously
established companies adding many new jobs, a record number of new jobs were created
last year in the Derderian economy. This year, previously established companies will not
be adding as many new jobs overall as such companies added last year. Therefore, unless
a record number of companies start up this year, Derderia will not break its record for
new jobs created.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. In a given year, new companies starting up create more new jobs on average than do previously established companies.
B. The number of people seeking employment is no larger this year than it was last year.
C. This year, the new companies starting up will not provide substantially more jobs per company than did new companies last year.
D. Previously established companies in Derderia will be less profitable this year than such companies were last year.
E. The number of jobs created in the Derderian economy last year was substantially larger than the number of jobs lost.

答案是C, 但為甚麼阿?

麻煩各位看引言中紅色粗體字
小妹覺得....
題目是說，除非a record numbers of companies (有很多公司)開張，否則無法破紀錄，
---->重點在於要有很多家公司開張，否則就可以破紀錄了。

那麼其assumption(前提)即為答案C
---->因為要先假設per company(每家公司)所提供的就業機會沒有比去年多，否則如果今年只有一家新公司開張，但是其所提供的就業機會很多，那就否定了題目所說的，需要開很多家公司才行。
ㄟ~不知道這樣解對不對呢？請各位大大參考囉~

[Janet]

小弟拙見...請各位指教

講簡單點：
遇到assumption的題目常常就是找相同的基準點，然後讓全文的邏輯正確，這點應該無庸置疑。

所以在相同基準點下:C選項"今年新公司與去年新公司提供相同的工作機會"才會讓結論的邏輯正確。


這樣解題，小弟認為符合ETS考assumption的精神...希望各位指教

感謝eggcake520,剛好今早我也複習到一題,也應用"比較基準相同"的觀念!!!
gwd9-38
http://www.formosamba.com/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=1449

附上供參考!!!