[tab] States had acquired the characteristics it has now
[tab] and probably will retain for as long as there is a
[tab] competitive market economy. This "highly
(5)organized and professional system of magical
[tab] inducements and satisfactions," as eminent social
[tab] critic Raymond Williams decribed it, has con-
[tab] tinued to have as its goal the selling of a panoply
[tab] of goods among which there are most often few
10)salient differences. Working from the premise of
[tab] the irrationality of the consumer, this vast fantasy
[tab] machine employs every conceivable visual and
[tab] rhetorical gimmick to turn the public's attention
[tab] from the generic product to the symbolic attributes
15)of a particular brand.
[tab][tab] In retrospect, two aspects of the development of
[tab] the advertising business are remarkable. The first is
[tab] how quickly after the emergence of mass media it
[tab] assumed its shape. The second, all the more
20)remarkable when one considers that advertising's
[tab] business is evanescent appearances, is how durable
[tab] that shape has proven to be. To be sure, some
[tab] changes have taken place since 1930, most notably
[tab] the emergence and influence of the electronic
25)media-radio and particularly television. But
[tab] despite such surface changes, advertising remains,
[tab] at bottom, what it was fifty or more years ago: the
[tab] business of manufacturing illusions.
[tab][tab] To some degree, advertising's means and ends
30)remain basically unaltered because those who
[tab] create ads have always experienced the same con-
[tab] flicts felt by other members of twentieth-century
[tab] American society. These conflicts stem from a
[tab] contradiction between our democratic ideology,
35)with its emphasis on individual choice and freedom
[tab] of expression, and an economy that encourages and
[tab] indeed depends on conformity and predictability
[tab] among both producers (employers as well as
[tab] employees) and consumers.
40) Ours is also a society that has traditionally
[tab] valued spontaneity, risk, and adventure; largely for
[tab] that reason we cherish the myth of the frontier,
[tab] where those qualities, we believe, once flourished.
[tab] Yet in the United States today, most people inhabit
45)an urban or suburban world that is overly regu-
[tab] lated, hemmed in by routine, and presided over by
[tab] scores of specialists and experts. "Adventure" itself
[tab] has become a commodity: a packaged trip down
[tab] the Colorado River, and organized trek across the
50)Himalayas, two weeks on a dude ranch. Room for
[tab] real adventure is limited, if it exists at all.
[tab][tab] Far from immune to these and other contra-
[tab] dictions, advertising people have recognized that
[tab] their skills are harnessed to large, impersonal
55)organizations and that the end of their efforts is to
[tab] convince millions of consumers that they would be
[tab] happier, even better, human beings if they used
[tab] Brand X instead of Brand Y. Given the con-
[tab] ditions of their work and of ordinary life, it is not
60)really surprising that generations of advertising
[tab] people have aimed to transform a prosaic world
[tab] of commodities into a magical place of escape,
[tab] illusion, and fantasy, to express imaginative
[tab] freedom and creativity in the face of routine.
==========================================
4. The author implies that the twentieth-century belief
[tab] in the "myth of the frontier" (line 42) has
[tab][tab] (A) made it difficult for Americans to adjust5 to an
[tab][tab][tab] urbanized environment.
[tab][tab] (B) helped Americans to conform to the expectations
[tab][tab][tab] and demands of a market economy
[tab][tab] (C) increased the number of trips planned and taken
[tab][tab][tab] by Americans
[tab][tab] (D) encouraged Americans to resist the
[tab][tab][tab] depersonalization and regulation of their daily lives
[tab][tab] (E) allowed Americans to continue to value qualities that
[tab][tab][tab] have largely disappeared from their daily lives
===============================================
答案是E
我選D
----------
我想知道 為何D不行？
答案E仔細一看，真的好像是對的
不過答案D我怎麼想，就不知道哪裡出錯了！？
請版上的大大，可以幫我解個答一下嗎？
===============================================
8. The author's attitude toward the people who work
[tab]in advertising can be best decribed as one of
[tab][tab](A) tolerant understanding
[tab][tab](B) wholehearted admiration
[tab][tab](C) scornful superiority
[tab][tab](D) reluctant criticism
[tab][tab](E) amused contempt
===============================================
答案A
我不知道要怎麼看作者的態度
雖然每次都覺得徐文意看字的屬性很好用的感覺
可是我一點sense也沒呀
可以請教，除此之外，如何在這篇文章找出來作者的態度嗎？
呼~~~打真久耶！
