天山3-25

[汪汪北鼻]

Researchers studying how genes control animal behavior have had

to deal with many uncertainties. In

the first place, most behaviors are

(5) governed by more than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no method for identifying the multiple genes involved. In addition, even

when a single gene is found to control

(10) a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a “behavioral gene.” Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which

(15) generates behavior), define the term broadly. But ethologists— specialists in animal behavior — are interested

in evolution, so they define the term narrowly. They insist that mutations in

(20) a behavioral gene must alter a specific normal behavior and not merely make the organism ill, so that the genetically induced behavioral change will provide variation that natural selection can act

(25) upon, possibly leading to the evolution of a new species. For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under

(30) anesthesia. Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene. In con- trast, ethologists do consider the gene period (per), which controls the fruit


(35) fly’s circadian (24-hour) rhythm, a
behavioral gene because files with
mutated per genes are healthy; they
simply have different rhythms.




Q25：

The passage suggests that neuroscientists would most likely consider Shaker to be which of the following?

A. An example of a behavioral gene

B. One of multiple genes that control a single behavior

C. A gene that, when mutated, causes an alteration in a specific normal behavior without making the organism ill

D. A gene of interest to ethologists but of no interest to neuroscientists

E. A poor source of information about the nervous system.

ans. A

neuroscientists在那可看出對shaker的看法呢?

[cocaine]

Neuroscientists, whose interest in genetic research is to understand the nervous system (which (15) generates behavior), define the term broadly

(30)Since shaking is not healthy, ethologists do not consider Shaker a behavioral gene

從15行可以知道神經元專家對於基因行為定義比其他專家要于廣泛.
30行的前後文看知道動物行為學家不認為shaker 是一種行為基因,(可以知道神經元專家也許會認為那是一種行為基因,因為他們彼此定義不同)

Q25：
A沒錯

[davidlee0222]

從語氣判斷
講種族學家時有用強調語氣
可隱喻神經學家判斷不同

[Albert5]

請問一下文章最後那個例子看不太懂
之前說兩種專家對behavioral gene看法不同
ethologists 說behavioral gene must alter a specific normal
behavior and not merely make the organism ill
而後面提到fruit fly例子又說 動物學家不認為shaker是行為基因因為
shaking is not healthy而認為period是行為基因因為它healthy
(ill跟not healthy不一樣嗎) 怎感覺有點前後矛盾
還是我誤會意思了 謝謝

[Janet]

Q26:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following, if true, would be most
likely to influence ethologists’ opinions about whether a particular gene in a species is a
behavioral gene?
A. The gene is found only in that species.
B. The gene is extremely difficult to identify.
C. The only effect of mutations in the gene is to make the organism ill.
D. Neuroscientists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.
E. Geneticists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.
Answer:A

請問A從文中哪邊可以判讀?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q27:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. summarize findings in an area of research
B. discuss different perspectives on a scientific question
C. outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
D. illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic
E. reconcile differences between two definitions of a term
Answer:C

請問BC如何判斷,雖然C也蠻好的,但是B我就是刪不下手

[modern]

Q26:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following, if true, would be most
likely to influence ethologists’ opinions about whether a particular gene in a species is a
behavioral gene?
A. The gene is found only in that species.
B. The gene is extremely difficult to identify.
C. The only effect of mutations in the gene is to make the organism ill.
D. Neuroscientists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.
E. Geneticists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.
Answer:A

請問A從文中哪邊可以判讀?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q27:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. summarize findings in an area of research
B. discuss different perspectives on a scientific question
C. outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
D. illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic
E. reconcile differences between two definitions of a term
Answer:C

請問BC如何判斷,雖然C也蠻好的,但是B我就是刪不下手

Q27答案B派的說法是
BG這東西有疑義 本文討論此疑義的兩個看法
C派的說法是 要站在更大更廣的角度看主題題(徐文藝也有說過)
outline <--但我認為這個動詞大有問題 味道不對....

Q26的答案是C 基本上答案可能對錯了喔 :)

[FionaV]

Q26:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following, if true, would be most
likely to influence ethologists’ opinions about whether a particular gene in a species is a
behavioral gene?
A. The gene is found only in that species.
B. The gene is extremely difficult to identify.
C. The only effect of mutations in the gene is to make the organism ill.
D. Neuroscientists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.
E. Geneticists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.
Answer:A

請問A從文中哪邊可以判讀?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q27:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. summarize findings in an area of research
B. discuss different perspectives on a scientific question
C. outline the major questions in a scientific discipline
D. illustrate the usefulness of investigating a research topic
E. reconcile differences between two definitions of a term
Answer:C

請問BC如何判斷,雖然C也蠻好的,但是B我就是刪不下手

Q27答案B派的說法是
BG這東西有疑義 本文討論此疑義的兩個看法
C派的說法是 要站在更大更廣的角度看主題題(徐文藝也有說過)
outline <--但我認為這個動詞大有問題 味道不對....

Q26的答案是C 基本上答案可能對錯了喔 :)

請問Q26
為什麼答案會是C呢? 文章裡是說 ethologists "insist that mutations in a behavioral gene... and not merely make the organism ill..."
C跟文章裡陳述的是相反的意思耶
我真的搞混了...

[一元]

Q.26
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following, if true, would be most likely to influence ethologists' opinions about whether a particular gene in a species is a behavioral gene?

我想題目的意思是假設說答案選項哪一項為真時，對ethologist的觀點影響最大

而原文中line19~24，正好提到了ethologist的看法:
They(指ethologist) insist that mutations in (20) a behavioral gene must alter a specific normal behavior and not merely make the organism ill,

所以當案選項(C)說到 The only effect of mutations in the gene is to make the organism ill
與ethologists' opinions正好背道而馳，所以若為"真"時，對他的觀點將會有最大的影響

不知道這樣的解釋是否正確，請指教~

[Kal-El]

Q27支持C: outline the major questions in a scientific discipline