OG48-32(science)(金礦開採題)

[agk99]

Passage 32(Contrast A and B)(science)

According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten(熔化) granitelike(花崗石) bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks.
第一段帶出兩個理論，最近一個理論發現，A system是在20億年從地殼深處熔化的花崗岩中流出，過去普遍被接受的理論，A system則是由沈積而來，that is to say, 這是一個潮濕沈積岩層脫水的過程。

The recently(新的有價值) developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because they had shed (to pour) trails(痕跡) of alluvial(沈積) gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still lead to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression.(難句、難句、難句)
第二段：這個recently theory在實務上有很大的意義，大多數的沈積物被(gold)發現或被曝露於地球的表面，理由是他們有著極易被traced的痕跡。但這只是偶爾發現，因為大多數金礦是被埋在地底。先講優點，容易找到，再講缺點，沒偵測好就找不到。

The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel (揭開) the subsurface(??) geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images(空照圖) that yield a broad geological overview; geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated; and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect the subtle(細緻) chemical halos(光環) that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized(礦物化), and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account (consider) theoretical studies of relevant factors.

These models(肯定是延續上面的model) are constructed primarily from empirical (有經驗的觀察) observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming(礦物形成過程的理論) processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible.

[agnes]

:'(
這篇錯了一堆...
從頭再看一次文章
要選也無法選出正確答案
有人可以指導一下嗎?

[魚]

Passage 32(Contrast A and B)(science)

According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten(熔化) granitelike(花崗石) bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks.


最近一個理論發現，Archean-age gold-quartz vein 是由20億年從地殼深處熔融狀的纇花崗岩體中流出
過去普遍被接受的理論，A- system是由沉積變質岩來滴-->就是說A- system是沈積岩層脫水的過程中產生的。

簡單的說 : 以前以為 Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems 是沉積變質岩的沉積物 , 新理論認為A是花崗變質岩的沉積物


The recently(新的有價值) developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because they had shed (to pour) trails(痕跡) of alluvial(沈積) gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still lead to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression.(難句、難句、難句)
第二段：這個recently theory在實務上有很大的意義，大多數的沈積物被(gold)發現或被曝露於地球的表面，理由是他們有著極易被traced的痕跡。但這只是偶爾發現，因為大多數金礦是被埋在地底。先講優點，容易找到，再講缺點，沒偵測好就找不到。


第一段說明了新舊理論的差異之後,第二段闡述新理論的好處.
延續首段闡述為啥過去會認為A脈會是沉積體系. 並提出因應這個假設而生的採礦方式目前遇到的困境 : Although these same methods still lead to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression
雖然還是偶爾可以採到礦.但有大部分的deposits尚未被探測/開挖.(就是能找到的礦脈很少啦 ) 而這個原因就是這些(大多數,未被偵測&開採)的礦脈都是buried and have no surface expression (剛好不適用於第二段描述的方法 ,所以當然找不到 ^^ )

The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel (揭開) the subsurface(次表層 , 這是我自己發明的啦 中文沒有這個專有名詞,其實 這裡用subsurface的用意,僅是要跟過去的論述作比較,因為過去認為A脈會在表土層留有trails(痕跡) of alluvial) geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images(空照圖) that yield a broad geological overview; geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated; and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect the subtle(細緻) chemical halos(光環) that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized(礦物化), and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account (consider) theoretical studies of relevant factors.

講了一堆X話, :-S
大意 : 現在要怎辦哩(本段主題句)? 想了一堆很讚的可以找到A脈地球物理的model ,結果又發現! 咦,有問題.

These models(肯定是延續上面的model) are constructed primarily from empirical (有經驗的觀察) observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming(礦物形成過程的理論) processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible.

上一段說有問題 : 有什麼問題咧?回歸到最原始的討論主題 : 還是得了解A-脈的成因 才能夠找到礦脈(H)

[魚]

198. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) advocating a return to an older methodology
(B) explaining the importance of a recent theory
(C) enumerating differences between two widely used methods (沒有數數)
(D) describing events leading to a discovery
(E) challenging the assumptions on which a theory is based



199. According to the passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems is that such systems
(A) were formed from metamorphic fluids
(B) originated in molten granitelike bodies
(C) were formed from alluvial deposits
(D) generally have surface expression
(E) are not discoverable through chemical tests


*200. The passage implies that which of the following steps would be the first performed by explorers who wish to maximize their chances of discovering gold?
(A) Surveying several sites known to have been formed more than two billion years ago (語討論主題無關)
(B) Limiting exploration to sites known to have been formed from metamorphic fluid. (都說這是爛方法了 不可能)
(C) Using an appropriate conceptual model to select a site for further exploration
(D) Using geophysical methods to analyze rocks over a broad area (第3段有說 若不知道岩性,這些方法都沒用)
(E) Limiting exploration to sites where alluvial gold has previously been found (這個太爛了! 以人類的貪婪,以前大概也挖光了,怎麼可能留渣??)

C有提跟沒提一樣, 態度中性,語帶保留,標準官腔,但是其他答案都不可能 :P


201. Which of the following statements about discoveries of gold deposits is supported by information in the passage?

(A) The number of gold discoveries made annually has increased between the time of the original gold rushes and the present.
(B) New discoveries of gold deposits are likely to be the result of exploration techniques designed to locate buried mineralization.
(C) It is unlikely that newly discovered gold deposits will ever yield as much as did those deposits discovered during the original gold rushes.
(D) Modern explorers are divided on the question of the utility of simple prospecting methods as a source of new discoveries of gold deposits.
(E) Models based on the theory that gold originated from magmatic fluids have already led to new discoveries of gold deposits.

202. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is easiest to detect?
(A) A gold-quartz vein system originating in magmatic fluids
(B) A gold-quartz vein system originating in meamorphic fluids
(C) A gold deposit that is mixed with granite
(D) A gold deposit that has shed alluvial gold
(E) A gold deposit that exhibits chemical halos

*203. The theory mentioned in line 1 relates to the conceptual models discussed in the passage in which of the following ways?
(A) It may furnish a valid account of ore-forming processes, and, hence, can support conceptual models that have great practical significance.
(B) It suggests that certain geological formations, long believed to be mineralized, are in fact mineralized, thus confirming current conceptual models.
(C) It suggests that there may not be enough similarity across Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual models.
(D) It corrects existing theories about the chemical halos of gold deposits, and thus provides a basis for correcting current conceptual models.
(E) It suggests that simple prospecting methods still have a higher success rate in the discovery of gold deposits than do more modern methods.
答案A

*204. According to the passage, methods of exploring for gold that are widely used today are based on which of the following facts?
(A) Most of the Earth’s remaining gold deposits are still molten.
(B) Most of the Earth’s remaining gold deposits are exposed at the surface.
(C) Most of the Earth’s remaining gold deposits are buried and have no surface expression.
(D) Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration, since the other types of gold deposits are found in regions difficult to reach.
(E) Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration, since the other types of gold deposits are unlikely to yield concentrated quantities of gold.
答案給C，題型類似RC201

*205. It can be inferred from the passage that the efficiency of model-based gold exploration depends on which of the following?
I. The closeness of the match between the geological features identified by the model as critical and the actual geological features of a given area
II. The degree to which the model chosen relies on empirical observation of known mineral deposits rather than on theories of ore-forming processes
III. The degree to which the model chosen is based on an accurate description of the events leading to mineralization
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II and III
答案給D


除了203是句子作用題,其他看完文章應該都可以得到答案,只要不粗心 :P

不知agnes的問題在哪? 可提出來大家互相討論啊嗎^^

[agnes]

謝謝魚^^
我猜想我主要的問題應該在於
我仔細看完文章
但看到題目的時候還是沒辦法很快去答題
要回文中去找很久
也不一定可以選對...
這樣代表我文章沒有讀通嗎?
還是說對於這種科學類型的文章
真的要翻譯成中文來讀比較好?
很煩惱~

[魚]

謝謝魚^^
我猜想我主要的問題應該在於
我仔細看完文章
但看到題目的時候還是沒辦法很快去答題
要回文中去找很久
也不一定可以選對...
這樣代表我文章沒有讀通嗎?
還是說對於這種科學類型的文章
真的要翻譯成中文來讀比較好?
很煩惱~

agne , 不知道你有沒有發現,這種考試類型的文章,不管詳細的內容有沒有看懂
,其實不會影響答題律? 頂多是應用題拿不到分 ;但是 架構題 / 主旨大意題 / 句子作用題這樣至少可以拿到3~4題

由於不知道您之前的複習方式跟目前的狀態,所以也不知道 您是文章沒讀通還是?

不過,若您是美加或各大補習班的學生,我想補習班強調的徐老師閱讀法是很有效的拿分方式,多練習很好

若不是的話也沒關係 ,網站上有好心的夥伴轉貼的OG RC p315~316中譯
強烈建議看一看嚕 其實 徐老師說的就是這一套方法 ^^


再次強調 ,不建議翻譯成中文 ! 這麼做只是浪費時間罷了
對能力的提升並無好處 (除非時間太多)
況且,您翻的中文可能是錯滴 ^^ 不是嗎 ?

閱讀能力的提升絕對不是靠翻譯 :D

如果有問題,我們在討論吧 ^^

[global1018]

這篇我想問第205題的第三個敘述耶
我實在看不出它對在哪裡.......

[davidlee0222]

It can be inferred from the passage that the "efficiency" of model-based gold exploration depends on which of the following?
可由文中得知
以模型為基礎的掏金
的"有效性"
根據何者?

The degree to which the model chosen is based on an accurate description of the events leading to mineralization
有效性是依據"xxx的程度"
xxx=被選定的模型所根據"礦化導向探勘"的描述精確性
也就是模型對"探勘的精確描述"的依賴程度

最後兩句話有講
The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible.
開發者用模型來辨認那些"(被做成模型的)礦化形式的關鍵地質特徵"
然後試著選定那些"有越多關鍵特徵的"開發地區

非常繞口
簡單講就是
找最像的地方來開發
但是是誰說到底有多像
是那些模型

因此第三個會對
就是因為對"精確模型描述"依賴程度越高
救越容易找到最正確的
所以"efficiency"有效性越高

[davidlee0222]

BTW
小弟轉檔WAV轉不出MP3的
就是這篇
不知有無轉檔高手提供小弟轉檔程式
讓小弟心血可以貢獻大家~
感恩感恩~

[global1018]

謝謝大衛...我終於看懂了
不過,遇到這種很繞,又要推論或有因果關係的句子要怎麼破解比較好
這種題目真是我的死穴阿

[davidlee0222]

終於把語音檔上傳了
掏金熱-輕功水上飄完整解說

http://www.formosamba.com/phpBB3/viewtopi ... c&start=30

[surfer]

繞的有點暈了,請問The degree to which the model chosen is based on an accurate description of the events leading to mineralization不倒置的話是什麼結構,謝謝.

[nemolee]

OG11 Q110
The closeness of the match between the geological features identified by the model as critical and the actual geological features of a given area

用錯了方法來問了，不是只單問 match..
只是我查了中文，只覺得譯起來怪怪的，因為match這個字... 念起來”合”　？

所以請問這句話的中文譯，謝謝。