[討論]OG Passage33-business

[Grace]

Passage 33
While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely
government-controlled economy into a free one, the
experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly
shows one approach that works: privatization, in which
(5) state-owned industries(target)are sold to private companies. By
1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned
industries were running at about 3 billion a year. By(方法)
selling many of these industries, the government has
decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over 34
(10) billion from the sales, and now receives tax revenues from
the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically
improved overall economy, the government has been able
to repay 12.5 percent of the net national debt over a
two-year period.

總結: 提出privatization為政府帶來的好處: decrease borrowings and losses, gain sales, receive tax revenue, repay net national debt.

作者態度用詞 dramatically
對比 N/A
因果 因privatization果 1.decrease borrowings and losses,
2.gain sales
3.receive tax revenue,
4.repay 12.5 percent of the net national debt.

文章development
1. analysize
2. problem-solution
3. approach
4. data
5. explain
identify approach
假設
比喻
轉折語氣 While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled economy into a free one, the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which state-owned industries(target)are sold to private companies.
時間點 Since 1979, By 1979, over a two-year period


(15) In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual
industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but
has also raised the level of performance in every area. At
British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity
per employee has risen by 20 percent. At associated
(20) British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970’s and
early 1980’s have now virtually disappeared. At British
Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list—as there always
was before privatization—to have a telephone installed.
總結: Privatization 提昇了 level of performance in every area

作者態度用詞 N/A
對比
因果 Privatizaiton 1. rescue individual industries (individual)
2. rescue a whole economy headed for disaster (economy)
3. raised the level of performance (individual

文章development
1.analysize
2.problem-solution
3.approach
4.data
5.explain
6identify Explain
假設
比喻
轉折語氣
時間點 Labor disruption common in the 1970’s and early 1980’s

Part of this improved productivity has come about
(25) because the employees of privatized industries were given
the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies. They
responded enthusiastically to the offer of shares; at British
Aerospace, 89 percent of the eligible work force bought
shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent; and at
(30) British Telecom, 92 percent. When people have a personal
stake in something, they think about it, care about it, work
to make it prosper. At the National Freight Consortium,
the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their
company’s profits that during wage negotiations they
(35) actually pressed their union to lower its wage demands.
總結: 說明privatization 提昇productivity的原因. buy share & press union to lower wage demand
作者態度用詞 *When people have a personal stake in something, they think about it, care about it, work to make it prosper.
* actually, enthusiastically
對比
因果 *Buy share productivity 提昇
*At the National Freight Consortium, the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their company’s profits that during wage negotiations they actually pressed their union to lower its wage demands.

文章development
1.analysize
2.problem-solution
3.approach
4.data
5.explain
6identify Explain + data
假設
比喻
轉折語氣
時間點


Some economists have suggested that giving away free
shares would provide a needed acceleration of the privati-
zation process. Yet they miss Thomas Paine’s point that
“what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly.” In
(40) order for the far-ranging benefits of individual ownership
to be achieved by owners, companies, and countries,
employees and other individuals must make their own
decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own
resources to the choice.
總結: 作者對 free share的建議表不認同, 認為employees must自我決定是否買股票, 而且必須對此有所承諾

作者態度用詞 * Yet they miss Thomas Paine’s point that “what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly.”
* must
對比 Free share VS buy share
因果 *Thomos/ Author: obtain too cheap esteem too lightly
*some economists: give away free share accelerate privatization process

文章development
1.analysize
2.problem-solution
3.approach
4.data
5.explain
6.identify
7.compare/contrast contrast+explain
假設 “Obtaion too cheap esteem too lightly”
比喻
轉折語氣 Yet
時間點


206. According to the passage, all of the following were benefits of privatizing state-owned industries in the United Kingdom EXCEPT:
(A) Privatized industries paid taxes to the government.
(B) The government gained revenue from selling state-owned industries.
(C) The government repaid some of its national debt.
(D) Profits from industries that were still state-owned increased.
(E) Total borrowings and losses of state-owned industries decreased.

207. According to the passage, which of the following resulted in increased productivity in companies that have been privatized?==> Buy share increased productivity
(A) A large number of employees chose to purchase shares in their companies.
(B) Free shares were widely distributed to individual shareholders.
(C) The government ceased to regulate major industries.
(D) Unions conducted wage negotiations for employees. (press the union to lower wage demand)
(E) Employee-owners agreed to have their wages lowered.

208. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers labor disruptions to be
(A) an inevitable problem in a weak national economy
(B) a positive sign of employee concern about a company
(C) a predictor of employee reactions to a company’s offer to sell shares to them
(D) a phenomenon found more often in state-owned industries than in private companies
(E) a deterrence to high performance levels in an industry (第二段主題 raised level of performance)

209. The passage supports which of the following statements about employees buying shares in their own companies?
(A) At three different companies, approximately nine out of ten of the workers were eligible to buy shares in their companies.
(B) Approximately 90% of the ellgible workers at three different companies chose to buy shares in their companies.
(C) The opportunity to buy shares was discouraged by at least some labor unions.
(D) Companies that demonstrated the highest productivity were the first to allow their employees the opportunity to buy shares.
(E) Eligibility to buy shares was contingent(偶然的) on employees’ agreeing to increased work loads.

210. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the principle described in lines 30-32?
(A) A democratic government that decides it is inappropriate to own a particular industry has in no way abdicated(捨棄) its responsibilities as guardian of the public interest.
(B) The ideal way for a government to protect employee interests is to force companies to maintain their share of competitive market without government subsidies.
(C) The failure to harness(利用) the power of self-interest is an important reason that state-owned industries perform poorly.
(D) Governments that want to implement privatization programs must try to eliminate all resistance to the free-market system.
(E) The individual shareholder will reap only a minute share of the gains from whatever sacrifices he or she makes to achieve these gains.
211. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the privatization process in the United
Kingdom?
(A) It depends to a potentially dangerous degree on individual ownership of shares.
(B) It conforms in its most general outlines to Thomas Palne’s prescription for business ownership.
(C) It was originally conceived to include some giving away of free shares.
(D) It has been successful, even though privatization has failed in other countries.
(E) It is taking place more slowly than some economists suggest is necessary.
212. The quotation in line 39 is most probably used to
(A) counter a position that the author of the passage believes is incorrect
(B) state a solution to a problem described in the previous sentence
(C) show how opponents of the viewpoint of the author of the passage have supported their arguments
(D) point out a paradox contained in a controversial viewpoint
(E) present a historical maxim(格言) to challenge the principle introduced in the third paragraph


作者態度用詞 *
對比 * 211,212
因果 * 206, 207, 208,
文章development
1.analysize
2.problem-solution
3.approach
4.data
5.explain
6.identify
7.compare/contrast
假設
比喻 210
轉折語氣
時間點
數據 比例 209

[agk99]

這篇看似好做，其實不太好做，我還得再體會一番

[marchmarch]

209. The passage supports which of the following statements about employees buying shares in their own companies?
(A) At three different companies, approximately nine out of ten of the workers were eligible to buy shares in their companies.
(B) Approximately 90% of the ellgible workers at three different companies chose to buy shares in their companies.
(C) The opportunity to buy shares was discouraged by at least some labor unions.
(D) Companies that demonstrated the highest productivity were the first to allow their employees the opportunity to buy shares.
(E) Eligibility to buy shares was contingent(偶然的) on employees’ agreeing to increased work loads.
答案是(B)

想問為何不能選(D)？

[kikisky]

(D) Companies that demonstrated the highest productivity were the first to allow their employees the opportunity to buy shares.

答案是(B)

想問為何不能選(D)？

那你告訴我
哪一行寫了最高級這種強烈形容詞(highest, first)
讓你想選這一個???

[marchmarch]

那你告訴我
哪一行寫了最高級這種強烈形容詞(highest, first)
讓你想選這一個???

文中的確是沒看到highest,first，我是看了line24~line26就選了這個答案，真是亂來 :P


P.S. kikisky好嚴厲哦！ :'(

[kikisky]

P.S. kikisky好嚴厲哦！ :'(

狗ㄇㄟ狗ㄇㄟ~~ :-$

嚇到你啦~
對不起~
我沒那個意思啦~ :-$

原諒我沒經過大腦就說話了~~
我以後用字遣詞會小心的~ :-$

sorry~~ :-$
ごめんなさい~~~ :'(

[marchmarch]

狗ㄇㄟ狗ㄇㄟ~~ :-$

嚇到你啦~
對不起~
我沒那個意思啦~ :-$

原諒我沒經過大腦就說話了~~
我以後用字遣詞會小心的~ :-$

sorry~~ :-$
ごめんなさい~~~

不要一直say sorry，我會不好意思啦！ :-$
kikisky是日文系的嗎? (Y)

[chloemoney]

(15) In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual
industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but
has also raised the level of performance in every area. At
British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity
per employee has risen by 20 percent. At associated
(20) British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970’s and early 1980’s have now virtually disappeared. At British
Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list—as there always
was before privatization—to have a telephone installed.
總結: Privatization 提昇了 level of performance in every area



208. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers labor disruptions to be
(A) an inevitable problem in a weak national economy
(B) a positive sign of employee concern about a company
(C) a predictor of employee reactions to a company’s offer to sell shares to them
(D) a phenomenon found more often in state-owned industries than in private companies
(E) a deterrence to high performance levels in an industry (第二段主題 raised level of performance)

這題我在看了解釋後才知道答案，想請問一下要如何將以上加粗的字做快速的連結呢？因為我沒有看到什麼singal words，還是這是以常識推判呢？

麻煩囉！！

[yuying]

因為Bristish Ports labor disruptions 是第二段的第二個例子
例子就是在解釋上述的主題 往上找時 碰到第一例子要跳過
直接找到段落開頭主題 1. rescure .....2. raise the level of performance

這題如果說signal words...我覺得那只能說" for example" :P

[chloemoney]

了解囉...謝啦！

[haijung]

210. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the principle described in lines 30-32?
(A) A democratic government that decides it is inappropriate to own a particular industry has in no way abdicated its responsibilities as guardian of the public interest.
(B) The ideal way for a government to protect employee interests is to force companies to maintain their share of competitive market without government subsidies.
(C) The failure to harness the power of self-interest is an important reason that state-owned industries perform poorly.
(D) Governments that want to implement privatization programs must try to eliminate all resistance to the free-market system.
(E) The individual shareholder will reap only a minute share of the gains from whatever sacrifices he or she makes to achieve these gains.

答案(C)

請問前輩們~ (E)選要如何翻譯呢? 我是選(E), 因為看到 the gains from whatever sacrifices he or she makes to achieve these gains. 然後猜想是由犧牲而得到收穫, 感覺和文中30-32和它下面提到的例子很像ㄚ... 還是理解錯誤了~ 煩請各位幫忙囉~ 謝謝!

[suechi915]

210. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the principle described in lines 30-32?
(E) The individual shareholder will reap only a minute share of the gains from whatever sacrifices he or she makes to achieve these gains.

答案(C)

請問前輩們~ (E)選要如何翻譯呢? 我是選(E), 因為看到 the gains from whatever sacrifices he or she makes to achieve these gains. 然後猜想是由犧牲而得到收穫, 感覺和文中30-32和它下面提到的例子很像ㄚ... 還是理解錯誤了~ 煩請各位幫忙囉~ 謝謝!

---

Line 30-32後面的例子並無說員工僅為了獲得"少部分"股權而犧牲獲利
反而是為了整個公司的獲利，讓他們可以取的較好的利益
應該是獲得的更多(prosper→[positive word])

[ck1109]

208. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers labor disruptions to be
(D) a phenomenon found more often in state-owned industries than in private companies
(E) a deterrence to high performance levels in an industry

選項 E 是答案我同意但是
請問一下 D 為何不行呢???
文章︰labor disruptions common in 1970's and early 1980's have now virtually disappeared

而1970's and early 1980's → stated-owned industries
now → privatization → private companies

照文章推論不就代表 labor disruptions 發生在 stated-owned industries 比 private companies 還要來的頻繁
那麼D為何不可???

[antipower]

我覺得208題是OG裡面最牽強的一題
照這樣的邏輯，其實D未嘗不可
不過看前後文裡，最相關的就是E了

[chencraig0227]

212. The quotation in line 39 is most probably used to
(A) counter a position that the author of the passage believes is incorrect
(B) state a solution to a problem described in the previous sentence
(C) show how opponents of the viewpoint of the author of the passage have supported their arguments
(D) point out a paradox contained in a controversial viewpoint
(E) present a historical maxim(格言) to challenge the principle introduced in the third paragraph

答案是(A)

我當初做錯是因為我把句意誤以為是
去反對一個作者相信是錯的立場??
如果是這樣 那這個選項就是錯的。
可是正確解讀應該為 去反對一個立場，而這個立場作者認為是錯的
以上兩種解讀有極大的差異
請問如何判別??(如果是"藍色部份的解讀"該如何寫呢?)
我糊塗了....