OG48-16(business)

[agk99]

Passage 16(business)(General to Specific)

Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs(報酬) may go to companies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution.(直接講結論了)

Producers of the Beta format for videocassette recorders (VCR’s), for example(導出例證法), were first to develop the VCR commercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution. Beta producers were reluctant to form such alliances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the competition for the global VCR market.(不願意和人聯盟，導致失去市場，無法競爭)
第一、二段：結論在第二句however就己提出，總之就是誰能夠優先發展利于成功的大規模生產銷售的通路，就可以取得最大的成功，對比出傳統上，誰能優先將新科技商業化就能勝出的不同

Despite Beta’s substantial technological head start and the fact that VHS was neither technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments(策略聯盟) with producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS advantage. The perception (perceive) among consumers that prerecorded tapes were more available in VHS format further expanded VHS’s share of the market. By the end of the 1980’s, Beta was no longer in production.
第三段延續前兩段，暗示Beta 雖符合傳統對新科技推出就能賺錢的認知，但VHS就是贏在市場銷售及占有率上，間接去突顯打開通路的重要

95. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?
(A) Evaluating two competing technologies
(B) Tracing the impact of a new technology by narrating a sequence of events
(C) Reinterpreting an event from contemporary business history
(D) illustrating a business strategy by means of a case history
(E) Proposing an innovative approach to business planning
感覺不太好選

96. According to the passage, today’s successful firms, unlike successful firms in the past, may earn the greatest profits by
(A) investing in research to produce cheaper versions of existing technology
(B) being the first to market a competing technology
(C) adapting rapidly to a technological standard previously set by a competing firm
(D) establishing technological leadership in order to shape product definitions in advance of competing firms.
(E) emphasizing the development of methods for the mass production and distribution of a new technology.

97. According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCR’s in the VHS format because they believed which of the following?
(A) VCR’s in the VHS format were technically better than competing-format VCR’s.
(B) VCR’s in the VHS format were less expensive than competing-format VCR’s.
(C) VHS was the first standard format for VCR’s.
(D) VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available than Beta-format tapes.
(E) VCR’s in the Beta format would soon cease to be produced.
AB不對，因為沒有比較便宜，就只是比較容易得到

98. The author implies that one way that VHS producers won control over the VCR market was by
(A) carefully restricting access to VCR technology
(B) giving up a slight early lead in VCR sales in order to improve long-term prospects.
(C) retaining a strict monopoly on the production of prerecorded videotapes.
(D) sharing control of the marketing of VHS-format VCR’s
(E) sacrificing technological superiority over Beta format VCR’s in order to remain competitive in price.

99. The alignment of producers of VHS-format VCR’s with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following? (應用題)
(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines.
(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass company whereby the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass company
(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum company to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer.
(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.
(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile

100. Which of the following best describes the relation of the first paragraph to the passage as a whole?
(A) It makes a general observation to be exemplified.
(B) It outlines a process to be analyzed.
(C) It poses a question to be answered.
(D) It advances an argument to be disputed.
(E) It introduces conflicting arguments to be reconciled.

總結：一定是以新為主，才會是新舊比較，但這一題就篇幅來看就知道，其實篇幅一樣，所以是General to Specific，就得小心細節題考題

[marchmarch]

99. The alignment of producers of VHS-format VCR’s with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following? (應用題)
(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines.
(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass company whereby the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass company
(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum company to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer.
(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.
(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile


不太懂og解釋，choice c ,an alignment with the producer of a complementary product that is necessary for the original product to function correctly,offers the closest analogy。
並且再問一下b為什麼不行？謝謝！

[agk99]

99這題不難
你讀完這篇，一定可以說出VHS的致勝之道
一、大量生產(第一段)
二、強化通路(第一段)
三、策略聯盟(line12)
四、滿足客戶預錄的功能(line24)

這樣一來，就是C講的對呀
你看B是說，某車廠是專門對某家玻璃公司獨家採購
但C可不同，為了讓他裝載的新引擎有石油可用，他還和一家石油公司合作，出產這款車需要的油，這就是為了強調普遍所做的設計.....

[agk99]

我倒是困擾類似第100題的設計
我又錯了

看答案後 回憶徐老師解法 勉強覺得
主題題一定要看態度
這篇文章講的是事實，就該是沒態度，選A最公允

[marchmarch]

謝謝，我懂了

[bear]

我倒是困擾類似第100題的設計
我又錯了

看答案後 回憶徐老師解法 勉強覺得
主題題一定要看態度
這篇文章講的是事實，就該是沒態度，選A最公允

我是因為exemplified這各字耶~~
因為他下面全部都在舉例....
所以我才會選A......

[micht]

第一段在講
Traditionally 如何 compete
Today, 現在與過去不同方式 compete

第二段開始用 Beta and VHS 說明上面的情行
Beta過去很強手 現在不強手 因為採用old approach to compete
whereas VHS adopted a new approach 而變強手

因此是
(A) It makes a general observation to be exemplified.
第一段的確在講一種現象 之後在舉例說明

[pimi]

99. The alignment of producers of VHS-format VCR’s with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following? (應用題)
(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines.
(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass company whereby the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass company
(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum company to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer.
(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.
(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile


不太懂og解釋，choice c ,an alignment with the producer of a complementary product that is necessary for the original product to function correctly,offers the closest analogy。
並且再問一下b為什麼不行？謝謝！

想請問A為何不能選呢??