OG48-13(這篇堪稱徐文意老師鬼上身之代表作)

[agk99]

OG閱讀示範，南丁格爾(13/48)

一位大陸人寫的，比我寫得好多了，但建議下載他的原版，顏色編排更為清晰易懂，小弟我的就不貼了

1）Two recent publications offer different assessment of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale.（主題句，由此句和三段首句可知本文是結論解釋型文章，即主要特點是總分式）A book by Anne Summers （觀點之一）seeks to debunk （負評價的實義動詞）the idealizations and present a reality（正評價詞）at odds with Nightingale’s heroic reputation. According to Summers, Nightingale’s importance during the Crimean War（和觀點二比較的差別點） has been exaggerated（負評價的實義動詞）: not until near the war’s end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally, （遞進副詞，表示行文方向一致，因此後面內容可以略讀，僅提煉關鍵字即可，或不讀）Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizaitonal pratices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale’s place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is lrgely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.（以上略讀）
2）By contrast（重要的強轉折詞，注意對比方/觀點的差異點）, the editors （對比觀點二）of a new volume of Nightingale’s letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced（正評價詞） not only her own age but also subsequenct generations. They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war（觀點二比較的差別點，和觀點一中during the Crimean War對比，這一句是後面舉例的總結句，重要，知道總結句可以不用看後面的例子。）. For example,（舉例通常可以略讀，只提取例子中的關鍵字，如peacetime living conditions，舉例的關鍵看前後的總結句，這�是for example 前面的一句話，因為例子都是用來說明總結句的，只要明白總結句的意思就行了。 ） when she leanred that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exeeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ traning hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable: as recently as 1947 the British Army’s medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860’s.（以上略讀）

3）I believe that the evidence of her letters supports（正評價詞） continued respect for Nightingale’s brilliance and creativity（正評價詞）. （總結句後舉例說明，提取關鍵字，略讀）When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers.（以上略讀） In sum（文章最後一句話通常要仔細讀，此處為總結句）, although （讓步略讀，重點是讓步後的轉折句）Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned（正評價詞） her an eminent（正評價詞） place among the ranks of social pioneers.（重點讀，表明作者對以上兩個不同觀點的評述）
題目：
注意我怎麼定位的，題幹、選項和原文原句的對應線索我用相同顏色標注，題幹中的定位依據的關鍵字我用下劃線標注：
73. The passage is primarily concerned with evaluating
(A) the importance of Florence Nightingale’s innovations in the field of nursing
(B) contrasting approaches to the writing of historical biography
(C) contradictory accounts of Florence Nightingale’s historical significance
(D) the quality of health care in nineteenth-century England
(E) the effect of the Crimean War on developments in the field of health care
主題題，直接定位首段首句主題句：Two recent publications offer different assessment of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale
74. According to the passage, the editors（定位在觀點二出現段） of Nightingale’s letters credit（正評價的實義動詞，將定位進一步限制在觀點二中的正評價處，即找貢獻） her with contributing to which of the following?
(A) Improving of the survival rate for soldiers in British Army hospitals during the Crimean War（時間狀語為觀點一的內容，觀點二的比較點在after the war，大膽排除）
(B) The development of a nurses’ training curriculum （原文未出現，排除）that was far in advance of its day
(C) The increase in the number of women doctors （原文未出現，排除）practicing in British Army hospitals
(D) Establishment of the first （極端詞文章沒有，選項出現，排除！）facility for traiing nurses at a major British university
(E) The creation of an organization for monitoring the peacetime living conditions of British soldiers
原文對應：she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army.
直接事實題，定位在2）段，for example 後具體內容中，此題重點在於對於文中未出現的資訊的果斷排除，千萬不要超出文章半步的猜測。
75. The passage suggests which of the following about Nightingale’s relationship with the British public（定位在二段舉例中，觀點一或其他段落未談到） of her day?

(A) She was highly respected, her projects receiving popular and governmental support.
(B) She encountered resistance both from the army establishment and the general public.
(C) She was supported by the working classes and opposed by the wealthier classes.
(D) She was supported by the military establishment but had to fight the governmental bureaucracy.
(E) After intially being received with enthusiams, she was quickly forgotten.
She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ traning hospital in London. 原文中唯一有public這個詞的句子只有一處，確定無疑。

76. The passage suggests which of the following about sanitary conditions in Britain after the Crimean War（重要的定位依據，說明是觀點二的內容，所以我以前說，對題幹的提煉一定要注意，即使只是一個時間狀語）?
(A) While not ideal, they were superior to those in other parts of the world.
(B) Compared with conditions before the war, they had deteriorated.
(C) They were more advanced in rural areas than in the urban centers.
(D) They were worse in military camps than in the neighboring civilian populations.
(E) They were unifromaly crude and unsatisfactory throughout England.
(They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, )when she leanred that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exeeded that of neighboring civilian populations,....
77. Which of the following statements regarding the differing interpretations of Nightingale’s importance would the author most likely agree（定位于作者的觀點，作者觀點的總結句，而不是文中提到的兩個觀點）?

(A) Summers misunderstood both the importance of Nightingale’s achievements during the Crimean War and her subsequent influence on British policy.
(B) The editors of Nightingale’s letters made some valid points about her practical achievements, but they still exaggerated her influence on subsequent genrations.
(C) Although Summers’ account of Nightingale’s role in the Crimean War may be accurate, she ignored evidence of Nightingales’ subsequent achievement that suggests that her reputation as an eminent social reformer is welldeserved.
定位于文末最後一句，關於作者對兩個觀點的總結句：
In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War（觀點一內容）, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.
(D) The editors of Nightingale’s letters mistakenly propagated the outdated idealization of Nightingale that only impedes attempts to arrive at a balance assessment of her true role.
(E) The evidence of Nightingale’s letters supports Summers’ conclusions both about Nightingale’s activities and about her influence.
78. Which of the following is an assumption underlying the author’s assessment of Nightingale’s creativity（定位關鍵字，三段首句中，所以讀原文注意評價詞！）?

(A) Educational philosophy in Nightingale’s day did not normally emphasize developing children’s ability to observe.
When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator.
(B) Nightingale was the first to notice the poor living conditions in British military barracks in peacetime.
(C) No educator before Nightingale had thought to enlist the help of village shcoolmasters in introducing new teaching techniques.
(D) Until Nightingale began her work, there was no concept of organized help for the needy in nineteenth-century Britain.
(E) The British Army’s medical services had no cost-accounting system until Nightingale devised one in the 1860’s.
本題注意細節的排除，堅決按照原文資訊！原文未出現的資訊堅決不能選！尤其注意極端辭彙！（以上選項中劃線部分都是排除的依據）

79. In the last paragraph（直接定位）, the author is primarily concerned with

(A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs
(B) refuting the view of Nightingale’s career presented in the preceding pargraph
(C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage
(D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale’s career
(E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review

段落作用題，需要建立在框架把握的基礎上，第三段和前兩段的關係如何？從首句或末句判斷。
I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale’s brilliance and creativity.
邏輯簡圖
1) 對N貢獻評價有兩個不同觀點+第一個觀點: TS(主題句), AS (Anne Summers), during the Crimean War, exaggerated ( — )
2）第二個觀點：By contrast, Editors, significantly influenced（+）, after the war, for examples
3）作者的觀點：I believe....supports（+）... brilliance and creativity（+）. In sum，eminent（+）
這種邏輯簡圖簡單實用，其實就是總結每段的段意、段內標誌文章承轉起合的重要的連接詞、態度詞，幫助你瞭解文章框架，把握重要的由連接詞引出的出題點。
從本文你可以看出，一定要培養對關鍵的連詞和作者態度詞的重視和敏感！

[davidlee0222]

這篇就是名聞遐邇的小安閱讀精解
能練到這樣走進去考就破700

[clelia]

我想單單問"summarize"這個字

79. In the last paragraph（直接定位）, the author is primarily concerned with

(A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs
(B) refuting the view of Nightingale’s career presented in the preceding pargraph
(C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage
(D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale’s career
(E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review

我想問的是，除了這一題題目外，summarize這個字是不是不能包含作者的意見跟態度，只能做客觀的總結?請問徐老師有說過這樣的話嗎??我一直都用這樣做判斷，想要確認一下。
有沒有人有筆記或是有對"summarize"這個字的看法。

謝謝囉~~~

[Behemoth]

報告是
summerize此字不帶態度
是客觀總結
你完全答對喔

[kikisky]

clelia姐姐~

偶剛剛企翻了偶陳年的筆記

summary的確在徐老師的說法之下(when discussing the topic of III.ananlysis of idea A)
是一個neutral 的字眼

所以
不能含有意見&態度ㄋㄟ

fyi ~^ ^

=====================
*哇~B爺果然手長腳長動作快......

[clelia]

謝謝B老大及kiki的確認。i73

[nonno97]

請問一下
為什麼我每次我一要下載就會伺服器忙碌 然後就畫面當掉
可是閱讀文章都沒有問題
該怎麼辦呢



[quote="agk99"]OG閱讀示範，南丁格爾(13/48)

一位大陸人寫的，比我寫得好多了，但建議下載他的原版，顏色編排更為清晰易懂，小弟我的就不貼了

[davidlee0222]

其實剛開始看覺得好像很厲害
後來感覺不是很好用
而且滿難用的
小弟有研發比較好用的
可以參考先前文章

[evelyn]

傳上大陸原版的
有顏色 很清楚
真的解說的不錯喔
根本是徐文意的分身
不過是簡體字就是
這一篇真的是很好的示範
大家可以參考

[pimi]

Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal.

請問上述的這句話中的at best marginal要怎麼翻譯呢??

[Xenia]

選擇的附加檔案再也不存在了。

404 File Not Found: The File _____________777.rar does not exist.

請問附加檔是不是移除了呢?
我也想下載原版

thanks :)