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FormosaMBA 傷心咖啡店 • 檢視主題 - GWD-8-Q7 to GWD-8-Q10:(專利題)

GWD-8-Q7 to GWD-8-Q10:(專利題)

GMAT 考的是閱讀....閱讀....還是閱讀....

版主: shpassion, Traver0818

GWD-8-Q7 to GWD-8-Q10:(專利題)

文章agk99 » 2005-02-08 22:33

GWD-8-Q7 to GWD-8-Q10:

The system of patentgranting,
which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas. Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity(比較型題目,說明公司專利多,不見得有創意,特別是半導體產業).
Ziedonis and Hall,
for example(看懂上面的定義,舉例就略讀), found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,(重點在後)
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined.(印證上述兩人觀察到的squeeze out) Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s.(繼續印證) This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, (rather than出現,重點在第二句)patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips(我認為這應該解釋為什麼甜頭的) to ward
(55) off infringement suites(擋住別人的侵略) or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.
agk99
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文章: 3109
註冊時間: 2004-08-24 22:12
來自: Shenzhen, China

文章agk99 » 2005-02-08 22:35

GWD-8-Q7:
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results
B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C. the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992
D. reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992 錯在太細
E. certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry

很多人對AC爭執不休,我想A的study(文章感覺不出是study)及後半段的unanticipated results不妥,所以C好一些
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q8:
The passage suggests which of the following about patenting in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 ?

A. The declining number of citations per semiconductor patent in the technical literature undermines the notion that patenting activity increased during this period.
B. A decline in patent quality forced firms to change the way they managed the patenting process.
C. Increased efficiencies allowed firms to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures.
D. Firms’ emphasis on filing patents for strategic purposes may have contributed to a decline in patent quality.
E. Firms’ attempts to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures may have contributed to a decline in infringement suites.
還是選D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.
直接選 A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-8-Q10:
Which of the following, if true, would most clearly serve to weaken the author’s claim about what constitutes a reasonable yardstick for measuring patent quality?

A. It is more difficult to have an article accepted for publication in the technical literature of the semiconductor industry than it is in the technical literature of most other industries 不能削弱,頂多是不支持
B. Many of the highest-quality semiconductor patents are cited numerous times in the technical literature 支持而不是削弱
C. It is difficult for someone not familiar with the technical literature to recognize what constitutes an innovative semiconductor patent 無關
D. There were more citations made per semiconductor patent in the technical literature in the 1970’s than in the 1980’s 如果70年代比較少,這選項還可考慮
E. Low-quality patents tend to be discussed in the technical literature as frequently as high-quality patents.

CR的概念 直接選E,若是選不出來請提出討論
agk99
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文章: 3109
註冊時間: 2004-08-24 22:12
來自: Shenzhen, China

文章pcl12 » 2005-02-09 02:01

想請問Q9 為何不能選 C,而 選出答案A的定位是在哪幾行?
而第10,是因為low quality 和 high quality 的數量一樣,所以評判 patent quality 時
無法用數量來分了,所以 weaken?
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文章: 103
註冊時間: 2004-12-03 19:26

文章kikisky » 2005-02-09 17:12

Q9
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting.

注意最高級的關鍵字
如果說已經表達到最高級的程度的話
那麼
不論是之前 or 之後
都應該是小於(少於)的觀念
醬解釋不知能不能通???


Q10
pcl12 \$m[1]:而第10,是因為low quality 和 high quality 的數量一樣,所以評判 patent quality 時
無法用數量來分了,所以 weaken?

嗯~我有點不太懂妳說的確切意思~
不過看起來不像是錯的~(請其他大人們來指點~)
(應該不是數量一樣吧???)

(35) of their firms’ patents
declined.(印證上述兩人觀察到的squeeze out) Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
(40) the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s.


因為文章中提到difficult.....的關係
所以只要讓這個條件不成立
就能weaken
因此當Low-quality patents.........be discussed.......... as frequently as high-quality patents 時
當可判斷出兩者程度一樣時---->表可評斷
也就是not difficult.... to measure的意思時~~~~就應當可以weaken了~~

(嗯~~解釋的好像不太好~@@~請多指教~~大衛哥哥來救人ㄛ~~~~)
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文章Behemoth » 2005-02-09 18:20

第10題
本文中說因為high quality的出現頻率高於low quality的,所以可以依出現頻率來分品質

那麼e說---高品質跟低品質的出現頻率其實一樣,所以無法用這東西來分品質
weaken了我上面翻譯文中的那句~~
所以選e
Eric Chang
MBA Class of 2008
MIT Sloan School of Management
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文章: 2948
註冊時間: 2004-09-10 18:19
來自: Boston

文章davidlee0222 » 2005-02-09 19:14

第10提就是PCL講的沒錯
也跟B爺講的一樣

第九提要看一下
從第8行開始講專利數跟是不是innovative無直接關係
後面第16行開始舉Z跟H的研究說
在那幾年研發經費(就是錢)沒啥變
但專利數最多
然而繼續又講這些專利數是"榨"出來的
第29行講專利"品質下降"
所以就是A
C在講經費改變所以錯

所以應該不是叮噹講的那個most
那是在講investment研發經費沒變
但專利數爆高
數目多跟品質好壞無直接關係
像賓士的專利就是又多又好


ㄟ~叮噹看起來好像有跳文的習慣
PCL則是習慣用回文定位來找答案
有加入小弟文教機構跟小弟切磋的戰友們都知道
這兩種習慣是ETS力圖破除的陋習
而小弟也有完整的閱讀法
不論考試或一般開放性閱讀都完全適用

看兩位要不要來大衛文教機構玩一玩ㄚ??
粉好玩ㄛ~
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文章davidlee0222 » 2005-02-09 19:28

幫AGK老大補充一下
第7提
本篇文章是作者引用別人的研究
來闡述在半導體業"專利數"跟"研發"的關係
最後提出一可能推論:
半導體業專利是用來跟人家談條件及提高進入門檻用的

全文主軸在第8到15行
專利數與公司研發無直接關係
A說study的確不太對
但有非預期的結果
有講半導體對取得專利的動機有非預期的推論

但這個推論只是用來回答上一句話(44行)的問題
專利品質的下降跟公司管理有關:
用來提高談判籌碼(併購時要用)
及提高進入門檻(新競爭者進不來)

因此非全文主軸
即使選項講的沒錯
但也文不對題
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文章pcl12 » 2005-02-10 01:12

那麼我知道是自己混淆了
文章是說專利數目多但R&D經費不變
而題目在問專利品質,我把品質跟經費扯在一塊了,其實品質和經費一點關係也沒有
當然,有一部份是因為沒有看懂中間squeeze的意思,我甚至還以為R&D的費用下降其實是沒有大大的增加
其實我自己也覺得有時候定位好像也不大好用,因為做了幾次發現有的key word根本散布好多段,所以要一個個找出相關的句子來看,也快不了
而最近在讀有種感覺,覺得文章若不是極難或是科學類的,其實應該都看得懂,不take note才會快,但是又怕忘,而我的take note技巧極其差......... ;''(
所以我覺得每次做都會慌亂,然後腦子就一團糟,實在做不完
不懂究竟是理解太慢,還是對英文文字表達不熟悉,還是一直處於極端慌亂狀態
不好意思在這裡發了點牢騷..... ;-$
david你的方法應該很好用,我應該去學習的... ;yes;
只是,又快考試啦!!! ;''(
另外,如果你考完AT的話,該補習班不就要收起來了嗎? ;-S
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文章davidlee0222 » 2005-02-10 17:47

應該不會ㄚ
因為大衛還想要出講義造福世人
而且不一定今年出的去

你已經發現了問題在哪就很夠了
再來就是看如何改進
而且你的問題小弟都有全套解法

其實你的閱讀能力不差
take note技巧也很容易上手
只是一些閱讀實力需要指導跟練習
穩住陣腳是很重要的
分解動作一步一步來
不熟悉槍枝結構零件盲目求快硬拆
只怕把槍拆壞了

閱讀不是靠關鍵字
而是跟修辭一樣靠句意及文章架構
是不是科學類基本上也無直接關係
了解文章結構後就會發現沒蛇麼所謂難的文章
頂多複雜一點
會選不出來是因為選項長太像
仔細搞清楚問題點跟文具功能意義
說穿了就跟國小寫文章大意是一樣的

不用管何時要考
實力增強才是終極奧義
否則不要講考不出好成績
即使成功出國財真是痛苦開始
而且想幫你也愛莫能助

要不要take note見仁見智
若你發現take note閱讀有變快
但是看到選項又亂了
那小弟還是建議take note比較有意義
因為即使文章囫圇吞棗看完不知所以然
回文定不到位時反而浪費更多時間
而且命中率通常跟ㄅㄨㄚˇ盃差不多

總之一句話
...
...


大衛文教機構初六開工
davidlee0222
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文章pcl12 » 2005-02-10 18:03

初六不是星期一嗎?
我也覺得似乎不夠好,實力,當然也是成績
最討厭的就是卡在這種時期........
看似還有機會申請,但是成績又老拉不上來...
還有被大家一直念~~~~~~
所以也不知道今年要丟幾家.....
其實我自己覺得若是熬到春季班申請開始時再丟,應該就較好(成績應該會提上來吧)
但可惜的是春季班學校實在太少....
若是等到明年秋天,我又要被念死了~~~~真是女生的苦惱啊....... ;''(
出講義?真的蠻神的可以出講義..
不知道貴機構運行的方式.地點?(好像不適宜在討論題目的地方問 :PP )
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文章davidlee0222 » 2005-02-10 19:07

有苦惱嗎?
請看大城小事"人生的argument"

運作方式
請看大城小事小弟的自我介紹
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文章puthing » 2005-09-09 21:20

GWD-8-Q7:
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results
B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C. the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992
D. reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992 錯在太細
E. certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry

很多人對AC爭執不休,我想A的study(文章感覺不出是study)及後半段的unanticipated results不妥,所以C好一些


小弟想請教兩問題:

1.ETS RC裡面的"study"這字

有沒有說一定要非作者才能做呢?


2.我也覺得(A)怪怪的.....一來沒study的感覺

二來也沒unanticipated results的感覺

不過我想問(D)的錯點,是因為沒提到patent嗎?

(因為我感覺不出"太細"的那種感覺....所以這提選錯了 +o( )

那(E)如果把certain拿掉會對嗎?還是也是太細?

謝謝大家指教!
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puthing
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註冊時間: 2005-07-18 15:48

文章haijung » 2005-09-13 18:15

想請教各位大大~

答案真的確定是(A)嘛? 8/28公布的最新解答是(A)... 我也是選C, 覺得(A)的yielded unanticipated result那邊感覺不太對耶... 有大大可以幫忙證實解釋一下嘛? 謝謝!
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haijung
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文章haijung » 2005-09-13 18:17

想請教各位大大~

答案真的確定是(A)嘛? 8/28公布的最新解答是(A)... 我也是選C, 覺得(A)的yielded unanticipated result那邊感覺不太對耶... 有大大可以幫忙證實解釋一下嘛? 謝謝!


抱歉喔, 上面要問的是Q7啦
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haijung
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文章CUGGYER » 2005-09-14 17:57

第七題 我也覺得應該是A (選項中最全面的答案)
理由如下 打好久 如果有不對的地方 就麻煩大家了

The system of patent-
granting, which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas.
原本大家對patent的了解 "anticipated results"

Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity.


點出某個study 發現unanticipated results

然後下面為 Z+H討論study所發現的 unanticipated results

討論半導體產業patent的現象
phenomenon 1
investment in R&D didn’t increase but more patents
導致patents average quality decline
phenomenon 2
the way companies manage patenting process
not for innovation but for market
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