GWD-12-Q4 to GWD-12-Q7:

[yoyu.tw]

GWD-12-Q4:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation
B. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations 是啥限制？不懂
C. present similarities between human memory and animal memory
D. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human
E. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment
選B，B比E略勝一籌

[huihui300]

就是最後兩句話呀~

[winihsi]

GWD-12-Q4:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation
B. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations 是啥限制？不懂
C. present similarities between human memory and animal memory
D. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human
E. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment
選B，B比E略勝一籌

why not A?
I suppose "the findings of a particular experienment" in option A refers to process the passage decribing how the experienmnet was done, and for the second part "an alternative interpretation" would be the author's final interpretation that jays were simply having episodic memery like ability.
anyone correct me if i am wrong on this....thank you

[jinoliway]

關於第18回第10題
我選了B 原因是
文章清楚說 when where what 是確認所謂episodic memory 是否存在於jays 這種鳥的習性的重要因素
文章也提到jays愛吃蟋蟀(what)，且他容易腐敗(when)，所以只要放超過一段時間jays就會去換吃花生(where)
B選項同時建立起這三項條件
而E選項，雖然我看題目也很想選，但總覺得 這個前提也太大了，根本是整個實驗本身就應該架設的條件，所以不選。
所以大家看法呢

[fsab00037748]

GWD 18-Q10:
In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?

A. Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.
B. All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.
C. The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.
D. When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.
E. Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.

可以請問一下這邊的選項A, 是什麼意思? 該如何解釋呢?

[hcgh]

GWD-12-Q4:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation
B. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations 是啥限制？不懂
C. present similarities between human memory and animal memory
D. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human
E. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment
選B，B比E略勝一籌

why not A?
I suppose "the findings of a particular experienment" in option A refers to process the passage decribing how the experienmnet was done, and for the second part "an alternative interpretation" would be the author's final interpretation that jays were simply having episodic memery like ability.
anyone correct me if i am wrong on this....thank you

A說關於這個實驗存在著2種解釋，但本文中只提到Clayton的解釋


另外，關於18-9, 覺得答案應該是C
GWD 18-Q9:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that

A. the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain
B. the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior
C. Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
D. Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information
E. Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories

因為行31
Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.

這裡的第一句，應該是作者說的。
第二句則說 Clayton承認作者的這個觀點
所以答案是C

[A級垂耳兔]

第7題
The term “episodic memory” was
introduced by Tulving to refer to what he
considered a uniquely human capacity—
the ability to recollect specific past events,
to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind—as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences


請教A
既然Tulving 認為episodic memory是uniquely human capacity
為什麼還會覺得animals 是 not convlusive
應該是conclusive 才對
如果是not conclusive 就不是 uniquely了
?????

E好像比較好

uniquely human capacity只是T個人的見解,並不代表是一定的真理
而之後C的研究顯示了鳥類有類似episodic memory的能力,但因為實驗的提供的證據不足,不能證實鳥類是不是也有同人類一樣的episodic memory能力,所以才用not conclusive,文中並沒有提出鳥類完全沒有同人類episodic memory能力的結論喔

重點應該是在為什麼T會同意答案A吧??
實在是看不出來耶...T重頭到尾都沒題到動物...也沒對C的實驗表達看法..根本沒交集...這樣凹說T同意動物使用過去事件資訊非episodic memory證據...真的太硬了...我怎麼知道T若看過C實驗之後會推翻自己的想法?...唉..可能是想太多了..
其他答案太爛..也只能支持A了

[mandy-lo]

GWD-12-Q4 to GWD-12-Q7
GWD 18-Q9:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that

A. the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain
B. the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior
C. Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
D. Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information
E. Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories

這題我認為B選合理…
文章定位在L31~35
Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information.
這裡僅表示不能確定jays能夠reexperiencing the past
而c答案jays do not reexperience the past表示肯定沒有的態度與文章大意不符
所以B的答案比C好

(p.s,若解說有誤,歡迎指正)

[Huang Hsin-Yi]

GWD-12-Q5:
According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays

A. recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” information
B. are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of time
C. choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of time D. choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available
E. prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short period
Answer: 選C

對於C選項的後半段,讓我很疑惑,文章似乎沒提到這些
d選項有何不好?

[zacchen]

文章中的確有敘述這一句話
"Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time" line26-29

D選項跟文章要表達的意思並不同,D選項純粹只Jays的喜好,跟episodic memory沒有太大的關係

[chencraig0227]

GWD-12-Q5:
According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays

A. recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” information
B. are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of time
C. choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of time D. choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available
E. prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short period
Answer: 選C

對於C選項的後半段,讓我很疑惑,文章似乎沒提到這些
d選項有何不好?

本來這題我也跟你一樣選D
但是D這個whenever問題很大!
如果任何時候都可以取得這兩個食物
那們 jays 根本不用管食物腐不腐爛 就挑他喜歡吃的就好了

因為食物不是隨時隨地都可以獲得
所以才會有食物保存問題 也才會把腐爛問題考慮進去
因此 whenever這個是大大的不對!