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大全32-Q4-7

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大全32-Q4-7

文章Huang Hsin-Yi » 2008-03-24 18:05

Passage 32 (32/63)
Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of America in 1492—new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics.
從舊世界引進的傳染病引起人口下降,尤其是 vs傳染病

Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies—smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more—were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous epidemics and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by recent quantitative analyses of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore, the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than enslaving them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America occurred beyond the range of colonists’ direct observation.
vs傳染病是以前未發生的,以致於居民並沒有抗體.傳染病突然的引進所造成的效果可從西班牙紀錄求證.英國與法國的紀錄沒有特定,因為這些克服難題的區域並沒有持續的記錄,當最壞的傳染病已經發生,更進一步,英國殖民傾向逐出原住民,而不是
........


Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the indigenous population. In 1616-1619 an epidemic, possibly of bubonic or pneumonic plague, swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During the 1630’s smallpox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820’s fever devastated the people of the Columbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them.
儘管如此, 北美存活紀錄的確包含人口間的致死的傳染病,In 1616-1619.........
Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay, Quebec, affected 99 percent of the population and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have devastating consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community.
不幸地,這些文件是不足採信並且有必要來補充我們一些所知道的.例如,1952年measles在Ungava Bay爆發,影響了99%的人口並且殺死7%的人,即便有現代醫藥.這樣的例子展現即使不通常致死的疾病,也會有摧毀的後果當它們功擊沒免疫力的社區

呼~~~~看了第五次,好像比較有感覺它在說啥!!
Huang Hsin-Yi
黃金會員
黃金會員
 
文章: 1038
註冊時間: 2007-08-17 00:41
來自: Tainan

文章Huang Hsin-Yi » 2008-03-24 18:11

4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning Spanish tribute records?
(A) They mention only epidemics of smallpox.
(B) They were instituted in 1492.
(C) They were being kept prior to the seventeenth century.
(D) They provide quantitative and qualitative evidence about Native American populations.
(E) They prove that certain diseases were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World.

Ans:C
C選項應可從紅色字推出,但E選項那裡錯了?

7. The author mentions the 1952 measles outbreak most probably in order to
(A) demonstrate the impact of modern medicine on epidemic disease
(B) corroborate the documentary evidence of epidemic disease in colonial America
(C) refute allegations of unreliability made against the historical record of colonial America
(D) advocate new research into the continuing problem of epidemic disease
(E) challenge assumptions about how the statistical evidence of epidemics should be interpreted

Ans:B
其它選項不是很好,但B選項讓我迷惑,最後一段不是說文件是不足採信嗎?
Huang Hsin-Yi
黃金會員
黃金會員
 
文章: 1038
註冊時間: 2007-08-17 00:41
來自: Tainan

Re:

文章lorien1216_orig » 2008-11-25 16:45

Huang Hsin-Yi \$m[1]:7. The author mentions the 1952 measles outbreak most probably in order to

(A) demonstrate the impact of modern medicine on epidemic disease
(B) corroborate the documentary evidence of epidemic disease in colonial America
(C) refute allegations of unreliability made against the historical record of colonial America
(D) advocate new research into the continuing problem of epidemic disease
(E) challenge assumptions about how the statistical evidence of epidemics should be interpreted

Ans:B
其它選項不是很好,但B選項讓我迷惑,最後一段不是說文件是不足採信嗎?


7.應該corroborate跟下文的supplement對照
Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans.

第4題我也有疑問= = 不知有誰可以解答嗎??
lorien1216_orig
新手會員
新手會員
 
文章: 16
註冊時間: 2008-01-17 11:07


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