Prep Test2- essay3

[kaijen]

Test2- Essay #3. 114 (21569-!-item-!-188;#058&00114-00)

Ethnohistoric documents from sixteenth-century Mexico suggesting that weaving and cooking were the most common productive activities for Aztec women may lead modern historians to underestimate the value of women's contributions to Aztec society. Since weaving and cooking occurred mostly (but not entirely) in a domestic setting, modern historians are likely to apply to the Aztec culture the modern Western distinction between "private" and "public" production. Thus, the ethnohistoric record conspires with Western culture to foster the view that women's production was not central to the demographic, economic, and political structures in sixteenth-century Mexico.

A closer examination of Aztec culture indicates that treating Aztec women's production in Mexico in such a manner would be a mistake. Even if the products of women's labor did not circulate beyond the household, such products were essential to population growth. Researchers document a tenfold increase in the population of the valley of Mexico during the previous four centuries, an increase that was crucial to the developing Aztec political economy. Population growth--which could not have occurred in the absence of successful household economy, in which women's work was essential--made possible the large-scale development of labor-intensive chinampa (ridged-field) agriculture in the southern valley of Mexico which, in turn, supported urbanization and political centralization in the Aztec capital.

But the products of women's labor did in fact circulate beyond the household. Aztec women wove cloth, and cloth circulated through the market system, the tribute system, and the redistributive economy of the palaces. Cotton mantles served as a unit of currency in the regional market system. Quantities of woven mantles, loincloths, blouses, and skirts were paid as tribute to local lords and to imperial tax stewards and were distributed to ritual and administrative personnel, craft specialists, warriors, and other faithful servants of the state. In addition, woven articles of clothing served as markers of social status and clothing fulfilled a symbolic function in political negotiation. The cloth that was the product of women's work thus was crucial as a primary means of organizing the flow of goods and services that sustained the Aztec state.

Question #8. 114-01 (21615-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-01)

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the documents mentioned in the first sentence of the passage?

(A) They contain misleading information about the kinds of productive activities Aztec women engaged in.
(B) They overlook certain crucial activities performed by women in Aztec society.
(C) They provide useful information about the way that Aztec society viewed women.
(D) They are of limited value because they were heavily influenced by the bias of those who recorded them.
(E) They contain information that is likely to be misinterpreted by modern-day readers.

Ans:(E)

Question #9. 114-02 (21661-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-02)

According to the passage, Aztec women's cloth production enabled Aztec society to do which of the following?

(A) Expand women's role in agriculture
(B) Organize the flow of goods and services
(C) Develop self-contained communities
(D) Hire agricultural laborers from outside the society
(E) Establish a higher standard of living than neighboring cultures

Ans:(B)

Question #10. 114-03 (21707-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-03)

Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage?

(A) It attempts to reconcile conflicting views presented in the previous paragraphs.
(B) It presents evidence intended to undermine the argument presented in the second paragraph.
(C) It provides examples that support the position taken in the first sentence of the second paragraph.
(D) It describes the contents of the documents mentioned in the first paragraph.
(E) It suggests that a distinction noted in the first paragraph is valid.

Ans:(C)

Question #11. 114-06 (21753-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) using modern understanding of cultural bias to challenge ethnohistoric documents
(B) evaluating competing descriptions of women's roles in Aztec society
(C) comparing the influence of gender on women's roles in Aztec society and in modern society
(D) remedying a potential misconception about the significance of women's roles in Aztec society
(E) applying new evidence in a reevaluation of ethnohistoric documents

Ans:(D)

[kaijen]

Question #8. 114-01 (21615-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-01)

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the documents mentioned in the first sentence of the passage?

(A) They contain misleading information about the kinds of productive activities Aztec women engaged in.
(B) They overlook certain crucial activities performed by women in Aztec society.
(C) They provide useful information about the way that Aztec society viewed women.
(D) They are of limited value because they were heavily influenced by the bias of those who recorded them.
(E) They contain information that is likely to be misinterpreted by modern-day readers.

Ans:(E)

請問這一題有任何線索嗎? thx

[kaijen]

再看了一次 發現答案在哪裡了...
Ethnohistoric documents from sixteenth-century Mexico suggesting that weaving and cooking were the most common productive activities for Aztec women may lead modern historians to underestimate the value of women's contributions to Aztec society.
由於女人對社會的貢獻價值會被歷史學家低估
因此可以推得讀者可能會被這些資訊誤導

[dibert8]

文章結構:
I) 提出問題
II) 指出缺點1
III) 承接II,再舉例缺點2

#8 定位題(I.1)
(A) information 並無誤導,是人為解釋的問題
(B) crucial activities = weaving and cooking 並無忽略
(C) useful (+) 態度不對
(D) 沒有提 who recorded them
(E) 人為解釋的問題(正確)

#9 細節題
定位 III.last
The cloth that was the product of women's work thus was crucial as a primary means of organizing the flow of goods and services that sustained the Aztec state.
=> (B)

#10 寫作技巧題
III: support II => (C)
(A) reconcile 必殺
(B) undermine II ,應該是 support
(D) III 不是 contents
(E) III 沒提 distinction

#11 main idea 題
(A) 沒提 using bias
(B) 沒提 competing descriptions
(C) 沒有 comparing
(D) potential = may, likely
(E) 沒有 new evidence

[chris8888]

Ethnohistoric documents from sixteenth-century Mexico suggesting that weaving and cooking were the most common productive activities for Aztec women may lead modern historians to underestimate the value of women's contributions to Aztec society. Since weaving and cooking occurred mostly (but not entirely) in a domestic setting, modern historians are likely to apply to the Aztec culture the modern Western distinction between "private" and "public" production. Thus, the ethnohistoric record conspires with Western culture to foster the view that women's production was not central to the demographic, economic, and political structures in sixteenth-century Mexico.
1. 人種史學的文可能會使得史學家低估女性對A社群的貢獻.
2. 因此, 助長一個想法 : 女性的生產力不是很重要

關鍵字抓取 : documents ... may lead / Thus,

A closer examination of Aztec culture indicates that treating Aztec women's production in Mexico in such a manner would be a mistake. Even if the products of women's labor did not circulate beyond the household, such products were essential to population growth. Researchers document a tenfold increase in the population of the valley of Mexico during the previous four centuries, an increase that was crucial to the developing Aztec political economy. Population growth--which could not have occurred in the absence of successful household economy, in which women's work was essential--made possible the large-scale development of labor-intensive chinampa (ridged-field) agriculture in the southern valley of Mexico which, in turn, supported urbanization and political centralization in the Aztec capital.
1. 進一步來檢視顯示 : 用這樣的方式來看待女性的生產力是謬誤的(作者認為史家所使用的看法是錯的, 低估女性貢獻)
2. 縱使女性勞動力並沒有超越家事, 但是產出對人口的增長是很重要的(Even if, 表示作者已經認為女性勞動力應該是超越家事的, 所以才說縱使, 作者是想要表達如果超過家事, 那女性當然貢獻卓著, 縱使沒超過仍然很重要)
3. 廢話一堆, 就是在講女性的工作和生產力是很重要的

關鍵字抓取 : indicates / Even if

But the products of women's labor did in fact circulate beyond the household. Aztec women wove cloth, and cloth circulated through the market system, the tribute system, and the redistributive economy of the palaces. Cotton mantles served as a unit of currency in the regional market system. Quantities of woven mantles, loincloths, blouses, and skirts were paid as tribute to local lords and to imperial tax stewards and were distributed to ritual and administrative personnel, craft specialists, warriors, and other faithful servants of the state. In addition, woven articles of clothing served as markers of social status and clothing fulfilled a symbolic function in political negotiation. The cloth that was the product of women's work thus was crucial as a primary means of organizing the flow of goods and services that sustained the Aztec state.
1. 但是女性生產力的產出實際上的確超出家事的範疇.
2. 舉實際的例子 .... 有考細節再看, 不然先看頭(通常是main idea)尾(通常是conclusion).
3. 女性工作產品的布料服飾是很主要的一種工具, 組織貨品和勞務的流動, 這維持著A國家的發展.

關鍵字抓取 : But ... / ... thus(因此) ...

Question #8. 114-01 (21615-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-01)

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the documents mentioned in the first sentence of the passage?
文章作者同意題 : 關於第一段的documents

根據水上漂
documents suggesting ... may lead ... (暗示著某個事件的文件可能讓史學家過度低估)

(A) They contain misleading information about the kinds of productive activities Aztec women engaged in.
文獻包含謬誤, 沒講, 是史學家解釋有誤
(B) They overlook certain crucial activities performed by women in Aztec society. 忽略掉, 沒說
(C) They provide useful information about the way that Aztec society viewed women. 有用資訊?? 沒說
(D) They are of limited value because they were heavily influenced by the bias of those who recorded them. 價值有限?? 沒提到
(E) They contain information that is likely to be misinterpreted by modern-day readers. 包含的資訊可能讓現在史家錯誤詮釋, 很好 ; is likely to = may

Ans:(E)

Question #9. 114-02 (21661-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-02)

According to the passage, Aztec women's cloth production enabled Aztec society to do which of the following?
細節題, 要鍛鍊自己文章定位細節的能力, 抓關鍵字或許會是一個方法, 抓有關cloth的句子, 直接定位在最後一句

(A) Expand women's role in agriculture
(B) Organize the flow of goods and services
(C) Develop self-contained communities
(D) Hire agricultural laborers from outside the society
(E) Establish a higher standard of living than neighboring cultures

Ans:(B)

Question #10. 114-03 (21707-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-03)

Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage?
功能題, 第三段的功能是什麼? 記住, 一般都會成襲上一段落的意涵.
文章是一段段鋪陳下來的

(A) It attempts to reconcile conflicting views presented in the previous paragraphs. 文人相輕, 看見reconcile很難會是對的, 也沒有衝突觀點
(B) It presents evidence intended to undermine the argument presented in the second paragraph. 推翻上一段, 我ㄧ開始還真以為他要推翻, 因為第三段開頭用But, 但仔細一看, 第二段並沒有推翻女性的生產力一定沒超過家事範圍, 或貶低女性價值, 第二段仍就認為女人產出重要, 因此了解作者Tone以後, 刪除B
(C) It provides examples that support the position taken in the first sentence of the second paragraph. 提出範例支持, 第二段的第一句, 綜使女性產出沒超過家事, 女性的產力也很重要, 第三段說女性確實已經超過了家事範疇了, 貢獻是很大的. 二三段同一立場, 用support很正確.
(D) It describes the contents of the documents mentioned in the first paragraph. 描述文獻內容, 第一段? 沒有
(E) It suggests that a distinction noted in the first paragraph is valid. 暗示差異性或特點?? 沒有

Ans:(C)

Question #11. 114-06 (21753-!-item-!-188;#058&000114-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with
全文主旨題
一般閱讀每段落首句, 最後一段落的末句. (再不行只好看全文. 不得以時, 長篇文章會耗很多時間, 短篇還好)
會整一下文章
1. 說有個文獻會造成史學家的錯誤詮釋, 史家Thus因此以為女人沒啥用
2. 作者認為不贊同第一段說的, 然後說女人生產力其實很重要, 縱使 ...
3. 舉實例說女人其實很重要

(A) using modern understanding of cultural bias to challenge ethnohistoric documents 文化偏見?? 沒提到
(B) evaluating competing descriptions of women's roles in Aztec society competing 競爭的 / 不能同時接受的 女性角色的擇一性?? 沒有
(C) comparing the influence of gender on women's roles in Aztec society and in modern society 比對影響?? 沒有
(D) remedying a potential misconception about the significance of women's roles in Aztec society 修正可能的錯誤觀點或認知, 女性重要性, 很好.
(E) applying new evidence in a reevaluation of ethnohistoric documents 應用新的證據, 重新評價人種史學文獻?? 沒吧

Ans:(D)

[rola1225]

我在選做第11 題時也是面臨d和e要二選一的情況，我現在的理解請各位評價一下
evaluation就要帶出態度，但e是指針對人種史學文獻做出態度，但文章是對 "如何解讀人種史學文獻"做出態度
是針對 "解讀" 這個動作，不是文獻這個 "物"，所以刪e
不知這樣想對否 ??

[whoisallan]

re-evaluate在段二乎有這樣的味道...
...............would be a mistake.
不過我判斷的根據是
significance of women's roles in Aztec society <-> ethnohistoric documents
前者3個段落都有提到, 後者感覺只有第一段比較明顯有提到....