[問題]GWD30-Q11~Q13

[kaijen]

First identified in 1969, komatiites

are Earth’s oldest known volcanic

rocks and contain three times as much

magnesium as do most volcanic rocks.

(5) This chemical composition suggests

that komatiites formed from the hottest

lava known ever to have erupted: a

high concentration of magnesium

changes the physical properties of

(10) lava so that unusually high tempera-

tures would be required for the lava

to exist as a liquid.

Komatiites’ discovery was surpris-

ing in light of then-current geological

(15) theories about magmas, molten rock

that forms in the Earth’s mantle (the

layer beneath the crust) and composes

volcanic lava eruptions. Prior to 1960,

geologists Bowen and Hess disagreed

(20) over whether or not the very high tem-

peratures needed to produce magmas

rich in magnesium could have existed

on Earth. Hess suggested that the

presence of water, probably released

(25) from minerals decomposing in the

Earth’s mantle, might have meant that

a high-magnesium magma could have

existed at a lower temperature. But

Bowen showed experimentally that the

(30) high temperatures were indeed nec-

essary. By 1960, it was generally

accepted that volcanic rocks with such

high levels of magnesium could not

exist, and thus the discovery of koma-

(35) tiites changed geologists’ assumptions

about the characteristics of the Earth’s

mantle around the time of the formation

of komatiites, between 2.5 and 4 billion

years ago.
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Q11:
Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

A. Two divergent views of a scientific phenomenon are reconciled.
B. A phenomenon is described and its scientific significance is discussed.
C. The discovery of a scientific phenomenon is traced and its implications for further research are suggested.
D. A long-standing scientific theory is examined and recently discovered evidence is shown to support it.
E. The ways in which a particular geological phenomenon is exceptional are detailed and classified.

Answer: (B)
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Q12:
Information in the passage suggests which of the following concerning the Earth’s mantle 2.5 to 4 billion years ago?

A. It contained magmas that were more significantly affected by the decomposition of minerals than are current-day magmas.
B. It contained a lower proportion of water that it contains today.
C. Its characteristics were accurately described by both Bowen and Hess.
D. Its temperature was sufficiently high to produce magmas with high magnesium content.
E. Its total magnesium content then was roughly equivalent to its magnesium content today.

Answer: (D)
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Q13:
Which of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?

A. Komatiites provide information about rates of volcanic eruption between 2.5 and 4 billion years ago.
B. Komatiites provide information about how the physical properties of lava in the Earth’s past compare with those of current-day lava.
C. Komatiites provide evidence that undermines Bowen’s experimental conclusions regarding the temperatures at which lava exists as a liquid.
D. Komatiites provide evidence that has changed geologists’ ideas about the characteristics of the Earth’s mantle between 2.5 and 4 billion years ago.
E. Komatiites provide evidence that water in the Earth’s mantle may have reduced the temperature required for lava to exist as a liquid.

Answer: (D)
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[kaijen]

Q11:
Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

A. Two divergent views of a scientific phenomenon are reconciled.
B. A phenomenon is described and its scientific significance is discussed.
C. The discovery of a scientific phenomenon is traced and its implications for further research are suggested.
D. A long-standing scientific theory is examined and recently discovered evidence is shown to support it.
E. The ways in which a particular geological phenomenon is exceptional are detailed and classified.

Answer: (B)
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為什麼(C)不對??

[dibert8]

沒有建議進一步研究.

[CherrieLi]

請問Q11的A為什麼不對呢? 當初在A跟B之間猶豫, 覺得B選項中, 並沒有提到 scientific significance, 只是在討論這個 komatiites 被發現, 然後說明在發現這個事實前, 有二個學者持著不同的意見, 一個支持, 一個反對. 最後事實證明 komatiites 是存在的 ==> 所以二個不同看法最後也得到最終的歸納

請問這樣的解釋是否有誤呢? 因為我真的無法看出文章說明 komatiites 的 scientific 的 significance

[dibert8]

(所有的文人相輕,不會 reconcile)
其實上, B, H 並沒有妥協啊! (B 的說法是後來被接受的那一個)

[chris8888]

By 1960, it was generally

accepted that volcanic rocks with such

high levels of magnesium could not

exist, and thus the discovery of koma-

tiites changed geologists’ assumptions

about the characteristics of the Earth’s

mantle around the time of the formation

of komatiites, between 2.5 and 4 billion

years ago.

我想一個學說的假設就是科學的最重要的事吧, and thus ... changed assumptions .... <== 應該就是選擇scientific significance is disscued的原因. 因為討論這樣多改變了學說的假定

至於C為什麼會錯, 前面還算對, 但後面的its implications for further research are suggested, 文章中我看見討論, 但沒看見有什麼研究要進一步被提出or建議

[hwatai]

Q11:
Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

A. Two divergent views of a scientific phenomenon are reconciled.
第一點在於，two views不是本文的主架構；第二點是也沒有被reconciled

B. A phenomenon is described and its scientific significance is discussed.

C. The discovery of a scientific phenomenon is traced and its implications for further research are suggested.
．．．文章沒有

D. A long-standing scientific theory is examined and recently discovered evidence is shown to support it.
一整個不對，大體上是一個新的自然現象，推翻了舊的看法

E. The ways in which a particular geological phenomenon is exceptional are detailed and classified.
沒有被classified

[chris8888]

Q12:
Information in the passage suggests which of the following concerning the Earth’s mantle 2.5 to 4 billion years ago?

A. It contained magmas that were more significantly affected by the decomposition of minerals than are current-day magmas.
B. It contained a lower proportion of water that it contains today.
C. Its characteristics were accurately described by both Bowen and Hess.
D. Its temperature was sufficiently high to produce magmas with high magnesium content.
E. Its total magnesium content then was roughly equivalent to its magnesium content today.

Answer: (D)

有人可以解釋說明一下嗎?

[ivawu]

Information in the passage suggests which of the following concerning the Earth’s mantle 2.5 to 4 billion years ago?
文章的最後一段說在1960年之前，一般是相信含有這麼高的 magnesium 的火山岩是不存在的，直到komatiites 的發現才改變了地質學家的看法

A. It contained magmas that were more significantly affected by the decomposition of minerals than are current-day magmas.
沒有和現在的火山岩比較
B. It contained a lower proportion of water that it contains today.
在高溫下形成的高濃度鎂熔岩，含水量則是在H提出可以讓高濃度鎂熔岩在低溫下形成
C. Its characteristics were accurately described by both Bowen and Hess.
特徵不是由B和H所共同持有（H是提出低溫下形成）
D. Its temperature was sufficiently high to produce magmas with high magnesium content.
E. Its total magnesium content then was roughly equivalent to its magnesium content today.
沒有和現在的火山岩比較

Answer: (D)

[ilovecushi]

Q12:
Information in the passage suggests which of the following concerning the Earth’s mantle 2.5 to 4 billion years ago?

A. It contained magmas that were more significantly affected by the decomposition of minerals than are current-day magmas.
B. It contained a lower proportion of water that it contains today.
C. Its characteristics were accurately described by both Bowen and Hess.
D. Its temperature was sufficiently high to produce magmas with high magnesium content.
E. Its total magnesium content then was roughly equivalent to its magnesium content today.

Answer: (D)

有人可以解釋說明一下嗎?

By 1960, it was generally
accepted that volcanic rocks with such
high levels of magnesium could not
exist, and thus the discovery of koma-
(35) tiites changed geologists’ assumptions
about the characteristics of the Earth’s
mantle around the time of the formation
of komatiites, between 2.5 and 4 billion
years ago.

i "FEEL" the answer is from the above passages, but i cannot tell exact where does it tell about the answer..
somebody knows?

thanks