Prep RC essay 4 -12

[autumn713]

Essay #4. 094 (21680-!-item-!-188;#058&00094-00)

Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights. They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war. Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers. Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.

Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace. While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests. The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.


Question #12. 094-02 (21772-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-02)

According to the passage, the historians mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text and the scholars mentioned in the second highlighted portion disagree about the

(A) contribution made by organized labor to the war effort during the Second World War
(B) issues that union members considered most important during the Second World War
(C) relationship between unions and African Americans during the Second World War
(D) effect of the Second World War on the influence of unions in the workplace
(E) extent to which African Americans benefited from social and political changes following the Second World War

Ans: C
基本上...我一整個不懂　那個”organized labor”是否是allince?
到底怎麼選出C?

Thanks.

[la-vie]

我個人認為organized labor可以看作alliance
用刪去法很容易找出答案
(A)contribution->not mentioned
(B)the most important issues->not mentioned
(D)effect->not mentioned
(E)benefits from social and political changes->not mentioned
(C)兩派歷史學家認為organized labor(alliance)和Afican American的關係(一派正面一派否定)

[dibert8]

這題用 according to 似乎"掛羊頭賣狗肉",不符合 OG 裡的出題原則:細節題出現推論題的答案.設計這個答案,好歹也得給個 suggest 吧!看起來 GMAC 已絞盡腦汁了.

考第一段:
historians-- unions + AA (alliance) in WW2
scholars-- organized labor along = unions along => no relationship between unions & AA ; 沒有提時間 => imply WW2 ?
(A) 文章沒有 war effort
(B) 文章沒有提 issues
(D) 第一段沒有 workplace
(E) 這整件事文章沒有提

[greecechii]

Question #13. 094-06 (21818-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon
(B) identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon
(C) assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon
(D) discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance
(E) evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon

想請問這一題為什麼答案是A?
謝謝~~

[dibert8]

I) historians vs scholars 對 civil rights movement 看法不相容
II) 說明 unions 的困境來自於它排斥 AA 的做法

(A) evaluate opposing viewpoints 的確有兩派看法不相容; historical phenomenon = civil rights movement
(B) 沒有 assumption
(C) 沒有 a controversial theory (如果有,是兩個)
(D) wartime alliance 只在第一段, too specific
(E) 沒有 evidence; a particular interpretation 只在第二段

[greecechii]

I) historians vs scholars 對 civil rights movement 看法不相容
II) 說明 unions 的困境來自於它排斥 AA 的做法

(A) evaluate opposing viewpoints 的確有兩派看法不相容; historical phenomenon = civil rights movement
(B) 沒有 assumption
(C) 沒有 a controversial theory (如果有,是兩個)
(D) wartime alliance 只在第一段, too specific
(E) 沒有 evidence; a particular interpretation 只在第二段

謝謝dibert~~

另外想請問你" II) 說明 unions 的困境來自於它排斥 AA 的做法 "是從哪裡看出來的? 謝謝

[dibert8]

第一段有: organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers
白人保衛自己優於黑人的地位
第二段提到的兩難之一: inclusive approach 就是一道幫黑人爭取權益
所以在 union 裡,白人是排擠黑人的.

[enshare]

Question #11. 094-01 (21726-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-01)

The "unions' dilemma" mentioned in the highlighted text can best be described as the question of whether or not to

(A) pressure management to create more skilled and high-paying positions
(B) fight for greater union participation in management decisions
(C) include minority workers in their membership
(D) extend full rights and benefits to all their members
(E) emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members


答案是D
我想問為什麼A是錯的
根據原文access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy...
這樣看來，A也可以阿？

請諸位大大解惑
謝謝

[Austing]

Question #11. 094-01 (21726-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-01)

The "unions' dilemma" mentioned in the highlighted text can best be described as the question of whether or not to

(A) pressure management to create more skilled and high-paying positions
(B) fight for greater union participation in management decisions
(C) include minority workers in their membership
(D) extend full rights and benefits to all their members
(E) emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members


答案是D
我想問為什麼A是錯的
根據原文access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy...
這樣看來，A也可以阿？

請諸位大大解惑
謝謝

---------------------------------------------------------------
pressure management to create
access to
這兩個東西不一樣呀 文章並沒有提到 作了過度推論

[小花]

Question #13. 094-06 (21818-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon
(B) identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon
(C) assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon
(D) discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance
(E) evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon

想請問這一題為什麼答案是A?
謝謝~~

我也有同樣的問題
找不到evaluate的態度

[chris8888]

Question #13. 094-06 (21818-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon
(B) identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon
(C) assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon
(D) discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance
(E) evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon

想請問這一題為什麼答案是A?
謝謝~~

我也有同樣的問題
找不到evaluate的態度

對了, 你寄給我的文件裡, 有包含PP的所有RC的文章嗎?

[chris8888]

Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights.
二次大戰有個聯盟出現, 在貿易聯盟和非裔美國人社群間, 此社群造成了南北戰爭
They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war.
做個結論 : 戰後這聯盟就掛了
Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers.
其他學者, 然而, 說這聯盟是要對抗白人
Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.
但這些觀點都不容易互為退讓, 任一個都不會區居另一個之下, 意思是說兩著都具備參考性

Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace.
盟聯面對一個抉擇, 介於現狀維持和促進所有成員有權參與, 有管道可接近技術性和高薪的職位, 在此架構內, 也防止管理上的片面武斷
While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests. The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.
南北戰爭迫使原本本位主義和既有利益的環境更加惡化, 使得此聯盟更加矛盾與衝突.

文章總結 :
第一段 : 描述有個聯盟(黑白人之間的權利), 二戰時被促進, 但是戰後被貶低.
歷史學家有個觀點, 然而學者卻有不同的看法, 互不相讓, 也無法爭個高下(暗示了互斥的立場, opposing stance).

第二段 : 聯盟內部的問題, 有困境, 要去解決, 也有方向, 但似乎在南北戰爭更加惡化, 沒有能夠得到妥善的處理.

Question #13. 094-06 (21818-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon
提供一個背景, 在此背景內, 去評定對立的觀點, 此觀點有關一個歷史的現象
opposing viewpoints <== 注意, is plural, 所以有兩個對立的觀點, 就是歷史學家和學者的對立.
(B) identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon
文章中沒有assumption
(C) assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon
沒看到優缺點, 反倒是互不相讓, 沒有結論
(D) discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance
互不相讓, 沒有結論, 也不知道誰對, 看不出重要性在那一段
(E) evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon
證據? 沒有提到任何的證據, 只是描寫一個戰爭背景的聯盟發展過程, 然後在南北戰爭被惡化.

[小花]

They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war.
做個結論 : 戰後這聯盟就掛了

我覺得這句話的意思應該是

這些歷史學家的結論是戰前否定此聯盟的重要性導致失去civil rights movement 的機會.

還是很感謝您的回覆 解釋的很詳細

[chris8888]

They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war.
做個結論 : 戰後這聯盟就掛了

我覺得這句話的意思應該是

這些歷史學家的結論是戰前否定此聯盟的重要性導致失去civil rights movement 的機會.

還是很感謝您的回覆 解釋的很詳細

我把demise解釋為掛了, 其實意思應該是這聯盟二戰後沒有繼續發展他在黑白人之間的平等關係

[vitality2008]

Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights.

an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights.
此句我的解讀不同 應該指此聯盟促進了公民權的發生 應該與南北戰爭無關吧 : )