OG48-2(考古學、盗墓篇)

網站 · 由 **agk99** » 2004-08-28 22:12

Passage 2

Archaeology(考古學) as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry(微小的) sums(做資金解釋)are available for excavating(挖掘古物) and even less(形容更是少的可憐) is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.第一段總結：平鋪直敘直接點出考古學的兩大困境，一是資金有限，但卻是個無價的事業；二是非法挖掘的存在，讓很多有錢人也非法參與其中，第一段肯定是整句整段讀

I would like to make an outrageous(不道德的) suggestion that would at one stroke(一舉、一鼓作氣) provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions(科技考古探險隊) and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts(有考古價值的製品) on the open market. Such(看到such，除非之前的概念仍無法掌握，否則可以跳過略讀) sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological site sand the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement(降低某事的誘因) to engage in illegal activities.第二段總結：就是作者建議考古隊及政府可以直接把excavated artifacts賣到open market......至於理由則是有了資金之後，可繼續開挖，也可保護考古據點，而出售古董可以徹底瓦解非法挖掘考古遺跡的非法勾當，進而降低非法挖掘的誘因。

You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value(特殊句型，強調就算要賣也是賣沒有藝術價值的古物). But(重要轉折字，but的前後沒有意外都要讀), you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company(這就是我們看法不同的地方). Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.
第三段總結：延續第二段結尾，作者先寫第一轉折，先強調一貫的”古物出售策略”，但基於全球遺產理由，以及不該賣給少數人的看法，引出可能有人反對。事實上沒錯，該賣沒價值的，接下來進入第二個轉折─the author provide some evidences to refute the possible objection. 並且很清楚指出，理論上或許所有的古物都是有價值，實際上則並非如此。

I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another(延續上段，指出作者是指這些陶器怎麼賣也無所謂). In one small excavation in Cyprus(舉例，必要時可跳讀), archaeologists recently uncovered(發現) 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard, Even precious royal seal impressions known as/melekh handles have been found in abundance---more than 4,000 examples so far.
第四段總結：延續第三段古物該賣就賣的邏輯，除了反駁所有古物都不得賣的論點外，也進一步強調自己的論點是正確的

(沒有轉折字，視為延續第四段)The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. (沒時間應該略讀，這裡肯定是說明細節的細節，但必須清楚定位，這裡是進一步敘述賣出古物與不賣古物的好處)There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed(In fact), with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.第五段總結：先講不賣的缺點有：沒有那麼多錢和空間去儲藏這些古物，無法充分分類管理，導致難以被發現，也難以被接觸。
再講賣掉古物的好處：在電腦的幫助下，賣掉的古物反而比博物館收藏的古物還容易找，在銷售之前，更可把古物拍照，把買主建檔，甚至可在必要時候要求買主歸還。

It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine(祕密的) product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance(originality) was known, and that was dated stratigraphically(地層的) by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?(難句)
第六段總結：用較委婉的語氣說明不見得一賣就能禁絕非法買賣，但可以確定的是，對古物的祕密需求肯定會下降。以專業的特色做訴求，強調來路不明的古物不會有市場。
7. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose
(A) an alternative to museum display of artifacts (不可能)
(B) a way to curb(prevent) illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession (標答)
(C) a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value(不可能)
(D) the governmental regulation of archaeological sites (too specific)
(E) a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts (too specific)

8. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT:
(A) A market for such artifacts already exists.(51-55)
(B) Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.(25-31)
(C) There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts.(37-39)
(D) Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts.(44)
(E) Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections.
這題做錯，原本是選B，誤以為是講古物的事；再看看題目，講的是複製品的問題，其餘都能找到，就是E選項沒有找到
9. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?
(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.
(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.
(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.
(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.
(E) Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage. (來自第五段，強調的是不賣出古物的壞處，選E)

10. The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (lines 31-34) to emphasize which of the following points?
(A) Ancient lamps(煤氣燈) and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.
(B) Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.
(C) Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.
(D) Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.
(E) Illegal sales of duplicate artifacts are wide-spread, particularly on the island of Cyprus.
本題解題原則，就是從塞普勒斯的例子中，就是強調量大，且不管價值高低的觀念，C選項中強調”非獨一無二，且量很大”，標準答案

11. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.
(B) The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.
(C) Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.
(D) Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.
(E) Money gained from selling authenticated artifacts could be used to investigate and prosecute illegal excavators.
來自第六段，選A

12. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?
(A) Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.
(B) An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.
(C) Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.
(D) Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.
(E) Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more common place.
選C, 第27-32行

結論：作者從頭到尾堅持古物出售的好處，而且一寫就寫了六段，小心細節題，就態度而言，很清楚是從頭到尾都是支持的態度，難度肯定簡單

網站 · 由 **agk99** » 2004-08-28 22:16

檔案就一個，多的別管他

由 **illuna** » 2004-08-28 23:05

檔案已處理.... ;)

大哥繼續加油囉~~~

由魚 » 2004-08-30 08:35

agk 大哥果真牛 ~~

厲害厲害 .........

由 **Arlene** » 2007-06-28 21:37

1: Archaeology problems
2 problems:
(1) archaeology = poorest
(2) illegal excavation
2: Archaeology suggestion (承接)
sell on the open market
3: Objection (轉折)
agree not sell valuable artifacts
sell no-value artifacts
4: refute the objection (承接)
for example: abundance duplicates (no-value)
5: reasons for "open market" suggestion
disadvantage:
(1)museums are not large enough to store
(2)no money to catalog --> artifacts inaccessible
advantage:
(1)catalog --> further purpose
6: conclusion
open market suggestion --> not stop illegal digging
but reduce the demand for the clandestine products

總結為problem-solution 文章

13. main idea of the passage
(A) museum display -- wrong
(B) curb {N} illegal digging
(C) distinguish artifacts -- wrong
(D) governmental regulation -- too specific
(E) new system -- wrong

14. infer
duplicate artifacts can sell --> no value
EXCEPT -- 找 value
(E) exceed in quality = value

15. detail
disadvantage:
(1)museums are not large enough to store
(2)no money to catalog --> artifacts inaccessible
找{N}或是有 --> 因果關係

(A) rarely {N}allow scholars -- wrong
(B) space should be better used -- wrong
(C) separated -- wrong
(D) damage {N}-- wrong
(E) uncatalog {N} --> not be located
[/u][/b]

由 **nemolee** » 2008-02-20 09:10

It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine(祕密的) product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance(originality) was known, and that was dated stratigraphically(地層的) by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?(難句)

紅色部份的難句，不容易了解，有誰可以幫個忙，把句子拆解分析一下...
特別是那個whose.......balabala... 的，有看沒有懂... ><
感謝.. .