[問題]GWD26- Q9

[jameslu1208]

Q7 to Q9
There is no consensus among researchers regarding what qualifies a
substance as a pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition of pheromones
as chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by
another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological
response, some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be
unconscious. In addition, the distinction between pheromones and odorants—
chemicals that are consciously detectedas odors---can be blurry, and some
researchers classify pheromones as a type of odorant. Evidence that pheromone
responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in
many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory)
system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),
to receive chemical signals. The neural connections between the VNO and the
brain are separate from those of the main olfactory system, whose processing of
odorants triggers sensations of smell. But while the VNO does process many animal
pheromone signals, not all animal pheromones work through the VNO. Conversely,
not all chemical signals transmitted via the VNO quality as pheromones. For example,
garter snakes detect a chemical signal from earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via
the VNO, and they use this signal to track their prey.

Q.9 The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. compare and contrast the ways in which the vomeronasal organ
and the main olfactory systern process chemicals.

B. summarize the debate over the role the vomeronasal organ
plays in odor perception

C. present some of the issuesinvolved in the debate over
what constitutes a pheromone

D. propose a new definition of pheromones based on recent research

E. argue that pheromones should be classified as a type of odorant


這題答案 (E) 想請問一下該從何處判斷 謝謝

[Stanley168]

我個人認為E應該是不太可能的答案
因為感覺上E這句話恰恰跟文章的態度相反的
我個人作題的時候是選C
因為感覺它好像比較沒錯的那麼嚴重
個人淺見!!

[skull]

頂一下~~

我也有相同疑惑~~不知有沒高手來解惑~

謝謝~

[medi66]

C 錯在 constitutes 本篇文章不是在講什麼東西"構成" pheromone

剛有去逛了一下CD的討論

這題ABCD四個選項都有比較明顯的錯誤
相形之下 E 這個選項比較好一點

[hcgh]

from Longman
constitute
[linking verb, not in progressive] to be considered to be something
這樣看起來，C好像還不錯呢

E.argue that pheromones should be classified as a type of odorant
好像反了吧..

[Jen-Cheng]

論點一.some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be unconscious

論點二.some researchers classify pheromones as a type of odorant....means that pheromones are conscious

接著author提出support 論點一的evidence(神經是分開的)，最後rebute這個evidence(But while....)由此可知作著不同意論點一，雖然接著沒說同意論點二，但E似乎是比較好的

[poo]

Q7
It can be inferred from the passage that
in classifying pheromones as a type of
odorant, the researchers referred to in
line 15 posit that
A.pheromones are perceived consciously
B.most pheromones are processed by the VNO
C.most chemical signals processed by the VNO are pheromones
D.Pheromone perception does not occur exclusively between members of the same species.
E.pheromones do not always elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response

請問這題為什麼是A
謝謝

[Jen-Cheng]

In addition, the distinction between pheromones and odorants—
chemicals that are consciously detectedas odors---can be blurry, and some researchers classify pheromones as a type of odorant.

在這一段裡

[keane0727]

支持C,
全篇討論的就是"pheromones是什麼"這一個debate. 基本的定義是chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response,
但是有學者為pheromones再加一個定義" must be consciously perceived"，可是有些學者不認同這個定義；個人認為文章後面講的VNO就是說明這個爭議的細節而不是作者的主張所以不能當作文章的主題

[dibert8]

from Longman
constitute
[linking verb, not in progressive] to be considered to be something
這樣看起來，C好像還不錯呢

E.argue that pheromones should be classified as a type of odorant
好像反了吧..

這應該是衍生的意思. constitute 的本義是"構成".

from Merriam-Webster,
constitute [transitive verb]
: MAKE UP, FORM, COMPOSE <12 months constitute a year> <high school dropouts who constitute a major problem in large city slums -- J. B. Conant>

from Longman,
constitute
to be considered to be something:
Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract.
The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.

[dibert8]

Q9 (C) 似乎是較佳選項

(A) 沒有講 odor/VNO 如何 process
(B) too specific
(C) 主旨句 = 第一句 (衍生義 constitute = qualify)
(D) 沒有 recent research
(E) too specific

[dibert8]

文章流程:

pheromone 有爭議;
pheromone = unconcious;
pheromone = concious = ordorant;
pheromone = unconcious = VNO;
解釋 VNO 和 pheromone 無關

[alisonc]

Q9.

最後我認為E會是比較好的答案
一開始作答時,沒意識到constitute的存在, 飛快的選了C
但是後來想想constitute真的用的不好, 不是主題

E的選項讓人有爭議的地方是, 似乎與文章的論點相反,
但是在提出evidence"費洛蒙=/= conscious odor perception"後
文章的line 27提出了But, 並且使用了not all 說明這樣的歸類並不完備.

比較起來, E的答案或許較對.


歡迎大家繼續討論

[dibert8]

But while the VNO does process many animal
pheromone signals, not all animal pheromones work through the VNO.

not all 說明 pheromones 不盡然透過 VNO; 有些是,有些不是,沒有定論.
既然 pheromones = odorant (concious); pheromones 透過 VNO (unconcious). 我的理解, not all 就不一定 (i.e. 都不是)囉! 作者沒有下結論,所以覺得 (D) propose 和 (E) argue 並非文章的目的.

[lucyyeh]

第九題我真希望考試出出來會改選項
基本上我看了很久都看不出哪有一個選是對的。
唉~ 不能理解阿!!!!