GWD 8-25~28

[pcl12]

Q28:
Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is
supported by information in the passage?
A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.
B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees
directly affected by it.
C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.
請教一下這選項的意思?
D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.
E. The modernization gave credence to the view of advocates of social
constructivism.

[Behemoth]

超過維修常規的範疇

[cg]

GWD-8-Q26:

而this possibility是在上一句(第9行開始)
Clark makes the point that the char-
(10) acteristics of a technology have a
decisive influence on job skills and
work organization. Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization
科技的特質對”職務技術”與”工作分配”有決定性影響
更甚者，
科技是”社會”與”管理職能”分配的關鍵決定因素

A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions. 公司會”在沒有考慮它們的舉動的社會後果”之下更進步。無關
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
科技在”造成社會變遷”的角色上，會更被廣為了解。
文中未提了不了解”科技角色”的問題。
C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.
企業會比較不了解”被社會進化影響”的員工態度。無關
D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.
社會進化會比較慢。無關
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.
科技會在決定”社會中商業的角色”中，扮演更大比重的角色。就是第9-15行講滴。

這一題我還覺得是B
Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organization.
這是JC認為technology可成為social and managerial organization的基本決定因素，但是因為constructivism被廣泛的接受，technology被視為imposes appropriate forms of order on society，所以B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.應該是對的
D.我覺得determining the role of business in society.並沒有強調是business吧!

請指正!

[agk99]

同意CG
我的看法是CE都算是有提到 "科技扮演的角色"兩者是不好區別
但B的概念比E好，同時文章的9-15好像沒有提及business in society...

[haijung]

GWD-8-Q27:
The author of the passage uses the expression “are supposed to” in lines 34-35 primarily in order to

第32行
(這句話是作者講的)The constructivists(指B論) gain acceptance
by misrepresenting(作者態度反對B) technological determinism:
(作者講:B如何曲解"科技決定論")technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society.
作者說:B錯誤地認為-科技決定論的人"應該認為"是"機械建制社會秩序"

因此答案應該是要找：作者是為了表達B如何曲解科技決定論

A. suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is inaccurate
指出B對JC的論點是錯的。沒錯的啦~
B. define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology
定義JC對科技應用的大眾認定。無關

Q27前面David大大有提到答案應該是A, 我也是選(A), 但是答案是(B), 請問為什麼呢? 怎麼看都覺得A似乎比較好耶

[CUGGYER]

我也覺得26題答案應該是B

JC 化解了TD跟SC對the change of technology的debate
而26是問JC對B不再是主流 會有什麼看法 對JC來說TD跟SC都是決定的關鍵
因此B比E全面 (E完全就是TD的立場)

27題
看完DAVID大大的水上飄解釋後 我覺得A的確比較好
如果沒看懂文章 應該會選B (例如我)

這篇我看了三次 都還抓不太到他要說什麼><
看完水上飄解釋 瞬間就解決了!!

[林小馬]

雖然前面有各路大俠的解釋
可是我還是有點看不懂這一段耶

The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological determinism:
technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization.

特別是畫紅色部分
他到底是在講contructivism還是在講determinist啊
如果是contructivism 那the alternative to不是很亦造成誤解嗎
如果是determinism 那不是跟前面講得不一樣嗎
( tech 在 society之外?? )

請大俠們幫幫忙喔

[小茉莉]

The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological determinism:
technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe(被認為相信,作者先講正確的),
for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. The alternative to
constructivism(再講misrepresenting的部分), in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization.

所以如果#26題要問如果SC沒得到廣泛接受會是在什麼情況下
應該就是與misrepresenting更正為 correct representing
也就是
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society.
或是view technology as existing inside society
所以答案B會比較接近
不知道這樣說對不對?

[fiona]

超過維修常規的範疇

請問這個部分要從文章哪裡定位呀

[enim]

超過維修常規的範疇

請問這個部分要從文章哪裡定位呀

Jon Clark’s study of the effect of
the modernization of a telephone
exchange on exchange maintenance
work
.
.
.
.
At the empirical level Clark
shows how a change at the telephone
(55) exchange from maintenance-intensive
electromechanical switches to semielectronic
switching systems altered
work tasks, skills, training opportunities,
administration, and organization of
(60) workers.

我覺得在這裡...

有錯請指正...謝謝

[davidslin]

雖然前面有各路大俠的解釋
可是我還是有點看不懂這一段耶

The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological determinism:
technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization.

特別是畫紅色部分
他到底是在講contructivism還是在講determinist啊
如果是contructivism 那the alternative to不是很亦造成誤解嗎
如果是determinism 那不是跟前面講得不一樣嗎
( tech 在 society之外?? )

請大俠們幫幫忙喔

我覺得是在講contructivism耶,
這段contructivism提出兩種極端的看法,一種是machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society(我感覺應該是[科技只是以適當的形式強加在社會之上]....應該是說科技是社會的附屬),一種technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization(科技在社會之外,可直接影響社會)
之後提到Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
Clark揚棄constructivists這兩種極端的說法.......

[lunar916]

25. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change
B. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchange
C. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change
D. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism
E. suggest that the social causes of technological change should be studied in real situations

為什麼答案是c?
我覺得整篇文章重心在Jon Clark的觀點
constructivist's view是用來加強Clark觀點所引用的"錯誤"反駁
所以我當時是AC中選A


26.
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.
這兩個我無法決定,所以做題時是用猜的
其實e感覺有點小錯誤 在於the role of business in society
前面 (Technology would have played a greater part in determining) 是用來講 (the role of business in society)
可是文章並沒有講到the role of business in society
只有講到 ln.45 "...relationships between social and technical variables"
social 是指人與人之間的互動溝通,跟society (社會) 是不一樣的
如果e改成 Technology would have played a greater part in the role of business
那我會覺得e比較對
可是現在看來b應是答案沒錯了

[suechi915]

25. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change
C. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change

25.題選項A我覺得他是強調"科技的改變"應持有正面態度 [one way]
但文章一開始就說Clark' study contributes to a debate that enompasses "2" issues...[two ways; contrast]

如同lunar916所言:整篇文章重心在Jon Clark的觀點,
"constructivist's view是用來加強Clark觀點"
正如C選項所述. "successful challenge"

Therefore, I think C is better than A.

[hcgh]

25. The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change
C. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change

25.題選項A我覺得他是強調"科技的改變"應持有正面態度 [one way]
但文章一開始就說Clark' study contributes to a debate that enompasses "2" issues...[two ways; contrast]

如同lunar916所言:整篇文章重心在Jon Clark的觀點,
"constructivist's view是用來加強Clark觀點"
正如C選項所述. "successful challenge"

Therefore, I think C is better than A.

同意suechi915
也就是constructivism與determinism做contrast, 作者100%支持determinism
所以C比A好

[hcgh]

GWD-8-Q26:
The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?

JC相信如果B沒有成為主流會如何?
在第16行
Clark believes this possibility
has been obscured by the recent sociological
fashion, exemplified by
Braverman’s analysis,
JC相信this possibility會被現行主流的B所矇蔽

而this possibility是在上一句(第9行開始)
Clark makes the point that the char-
(10) acteristics of a technology have a
decisive influence on job skills and
work organization. Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization
科技的特質對”職務技術”與”工作分配”有決定性影響
更甚者，
科技是”社會”與”管理職能”分配的關鍵決定因素

A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions. 公司會”在沒有考慮它們的舉動的社會後果”之下更進步。無關
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
科技在”造成社會變遷”的角色上，會更被廣為了解。
文中未提了不了解”科技角色”的問題。
C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.
企業會比較不了解”被社會進化影響”的員工態度。無關
D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.
社會進化會比較慢。無關
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.
科技會在決定”社會中商業的角色”中，扮演更大比重的角色。就是第9-15行講滴。

26題其實大衛兄分析的很清楚了

第9行, 科技的特質對”職務技術”與”工作分配”有決定性影響更甚者，科技是”社會”與”管理職能”分配的關鍵決定因素
紅色部分解釋了E中的business跟society.

第16行, JC相信this possibility會(已經)被現行主流的B所矇蔽。
possibility就是指第9行。

第29行, This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.
所以B = constructivists

目前，科技的功能被主流的B(constructivists)所矇蔽。如果沒有constructivists，則科技的功能就會發揮出來。
就是答案E