GWD 8-25~28

[nexxt0722]

雖然前面有各路大俠的解釋
可是我還是有點看不懂這一段耶

The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological determinism:
technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization.

特別是畫紅色部分
他到底是在講contructivism還是在講determinist啊
如果是contructivism 那the alternative to不是很亦造成誤解嗎
如果是determinism 那不是跟前面講得不一樣嗎
( tech 在 society之外?? )

請大俠們幫幫忙喔

我覺得是在講contructivism耶,
這段contructivism提出兩種極端的看法,一種是machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society(我感覺應該是[科技只是以適當的形式強加在社會之上]....應該是說科技是社會的附屬),一種technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization(科技在社會之外,可直接影響社會)
之後提到Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments.
Clark揚棄constructivists這兩種極端的說法.......

我的解讀與davidslin大大稍有出入,大家斟酌參考

SC誤導大眾認為TD主張machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society(科技將"適當形式"的命令強加於社會)
-->科技控制社會

SC主張technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization
-->科技影響社會,但不介入或控制社會

Clark在理論上和實務上屏棄constructivists這種極端的說法

[nexxt0722]

文章架構
1.Clark提出研究,傾向支持TD(科技決定論)
2.說明與TD相對的論點:SC(社會建構論)
3.敘述SC如何打擊TD
4.Clark如何捍衛TD,反駁SC

核心觀念:
TD(科技決定論):在大部分的情況下,科技自身決定了"科技對社會的影響"
SC(社會架構論):是社會決定了"科技對社會的影響"

須釐清的想法:
就是不論每個人所相信的論點為何,純粹只是認知上的不同,並不改變"科技對社會的影響"之有無或強弱


關於第26題,The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?

A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.
D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.


個人支持B,理由如下

The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism (第31行)

文章中:SC藉由錯誤詮釋TD而獲得廣大的認同-->社會大眾對TD有錯誤的認知-->社會大眾認為TD相信科技主宰社會(負面觀感)

題目中:SC沒有獲得廣大的認同-->社會大眾普遍對TD有正確的認知-->因為Clark傾向支持TD
----->所以對TD的正確認知=對於"科技對社會的改變"就會有更多更好更正面的了解(greater understanding)-->選項C



選項E被排除的原因

1.the role of business in society,前輩對此有正反兩面的看法,個人傾向認為文中未提及,但未有定論,姑且不論

2.Technology would have played a greater part (科技將發揮更大的影響),才是非議之處,理由同上述"須釐清的想法"!

[A級垂耳兔]

同意樓上說法...
26題E選項...我認為建構論是否被廣泛接受並不影響科技對決定商業在社會角色程度有所差異...文中也沒題到該因果變化關係...只說科技可以成為社會及管理組織的主要因子而已...這並不會因為是否被廣泛接受而在程度上有所差異...
選B

[dibert8]

Q26
The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.

做題時,覺得文章裡並沒有提到 social change (社會變革),但有提到job, work, organization, manager, society,因此判段文章應該偏向論 business, 而不是論 social, 而把 (B) 排除.
Clark makes the point that the char-
(10) acteristics of a technology have a
decisive influence on job skills and
work organization. Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determi-
nant of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization.
primary determinant 的效果應該不會只在 understanding 而已,所以覺得 (E) 是較佳選項.

[dibert8]

Q27
The author of the passage uses the expression “are supposed to” in lines 34-35 primarily in order to
A. suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is inaccurate
B. define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology

The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism: technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe ...
覺得在考標點符號的功能.冒號有說明的功能,從上下文看出承接前一句,所以應該不是 define (給新定義);冒號前面說 misrepresenting technological determinism, 後面講的應該承接這個意思,因此選 (A).

[小花]

Q26
同意nexxt0722大大的說法

支持( B)
最後一段在講 Clark 試圖改變社會大眾的對"technology "的認知

(E) Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society
似乎是個移花接木的選項 文中沒提到the role of business in society

[kkyoung]

Q27
關於這題，小弟的想法是既然文章中前一句說The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting～，已經是明示constructivists的觀念錯誤，既然前一句話說別人的想法是錯的，後面就要告訴大家真正determinists的想法是什麼，因此小弟傾向選（B），雖然、、、作題時自己也選到（A）。小小意見，大家參考

[Kal-El]

Q26...支持B

misrepresenting technological determinism-->SC gain acceptance-->possibility has been obscured.

若SC had not gained acceptance-->possibility would not have been obsured (=greater understanding of the role played by technology)


Q27...支持A

既然前一句話說別人的想法是錯的: 後面就舉例, 告訴大家是怎麼個錯法.