【黄卓明大仙】在2012之前 ,誰說他們,就沒有來過 ——GMAT中一直存在的商業思考方法

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【黄卓明大仙】在2012之前 ,誰說他們,就沒有來過 ——GMAT中一直存在的商業思考方法

文章xiguagua » 2015-07-12 11:02

在2012之前 ,誰說他們,就沒有來過 ——GMAT中一直存在的商業思考方法
本文有配套講解視頻。

GMAT將在2012年6月引進新的題型——整合推理。這個題型把GMAT考察目的來得更直白了,就是擺明瞭要考你商業相關背景下的資訊處理分析能力。正如我之前指出的那樣,GMAT改革越激進,沒有受過職業環境鍛煉的考生會越吃虧。他們年輕、記憶力好,能投入複習的時間多的優勢會被部分抵消。實際上GMAT對於商業思維的方法一直就有考察。那麼具體的商業思維是如何滲透到考察裡面的呢?
1 宏觀到微觀的辯證關係:成本/風險與回報
例子 With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000
A. With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have
B. With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in New Jersey has
C. With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where there is no hunting, the deer population in New Jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has
D. Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanse of green suburban neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have
E. Without natural predators and with expanses of green neighborhoods where there is no hunting, wildlife officials inNew Jersey estimate a deer population that has
在同一個題目裡面,提供非常豐富的不同的解題組合選擇,是GMAT SC一個很有深意 設計。這些不同的解題路徑,其背後是觀察角度的不同。有人先看到宏大敘事,有人直擊細節,從大量的樣本來看,GMAT對有宏觀把握能力的考生,有很強的reward,即採取宏觀角度往往能大量節約時間。這種機制是因為商業中,企業領導人需要有把握戰略方向的能力,不能過早進入細節,細節可以在大方向確定之後,由執行層面的人才去把握即可。
如本例,宏觀把握大結構非常容易得答案。句子結構是:修飾成分,主句:木有捕食者和一個神馬玩意,主語怎麼怎麼了。如果能讀出這個樣子,可見“木有捕食者”需要一個能被修飾的主語,比較各個選項可見只有C選項的主語鹿群能被修飾。
微觀層面,有大量細節考點。如
A與B相比,缺少一個with,則容易產生歧義。B的主語是estimate 謂語是has grown ,邏輯上增長的不是estimate,而是鹿群的數目。還有各選項中,allow這個動作的寫法是不同的,有的表達成 allow no hunting,有的是where hunting is not allowed,等等。從
從微觀入手,當然也有可能得到答案,但顯然需要分析的資訊增加,同時由於加入了大量的分析過程,風險也在上升,如allow應該怎麼寫,很多考生就憑所謂的“簡潔”去判斷C為錯誤。
大仙認為,在SC這個題型裡面,訓練學生練出強烈的“順序感”,即眼睛先捕捉什麼資訊,再捕捉什麼資訊,以及哪些判斷標準是優先順序別,哪些僅供參考,是這個題型準確率提升的關鍵,而絕非儲備N多的語法工具。
例子2 A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man
比較點有很多個:黑人or 黑人們? Others being or including? 人 or 書? 等等。。。。
心中有取捨的智慧,我們應該走向何方?
2 定性/定向再到定量的分析框架。
這是一個學生問的一道閱讀題目:
“原文:It was, therefore, not surprising that dozens of other countries attempted to follow their model, yet no countries-with the possible exception of Malaysia and Thailand-have even approached their success.
問題:The author mentions Malaysia and Thailand in order to
正確選項:Concede the possible existence of counterexamples to a generalization
我選的是:Admit the limited scope of a standard analysis.
我覺得我選的和正確選項很像啊,不明白其中有什麼區別。
為什麼學生會覺得很像,而在我眼中這兩個選項涇渭分明呢?很簡單,因為我習慣的是先做定性或者定向分析,再做定量(即細節比較)分析的思維框架。這也是商業中常用的思維,先定做什麼事,即方向,再定怎麼做,即執行。以上兩個選項,第一個對自己的觀點的評價(觀點是,某model不大靠譜,不好follow)是讓步,即承認大體好,局部有例外,是正面評價,而第二個選項對這觀點是負評價。只要把握這點,完全不用急於進入細節。
再看一個數學題目:
A certain company that sells only cars and trucks reported that revenues from car sales in 1997 were down 11 percent from 1996 and revenues from truck sales in 1997 were up 7 percent from 1996. If total revenues from car sales and truck sales in 1997 were up 1 percent from 1996, what is the ratio of revenue from car sales in 1996 to revenue from truck sales in 1996?
A. 1 : 2 B. 4 :5 C. 1 : 1 D. 3 : 2 E. 5 : 3
各位中國同仁第一反應肯定是列出方程,解出兩個變數的比例,殊不知這樣就浪費了GMAC的好意了。
先做定性分析:卡車revenue多還是carr evenue多?
小汽車銷售下滑比例比卡車嚴重,最後還能被力挽狂瀾,可見卡車更多,選項應該是前小後大,排除CDE。
稍微定量分析:
小汽車下滑了11%,居然能被卡車的7%拉回來還有剩餘,那4:5夠不夠?不夠!
所以選1:2為答案。
3 系統建造與系統外風險控制
16 India, like Italy and China, has no single dominant cuisine: Indian food comprises many different styles of cooking, with each a product of their regional influences, from the fiery vegetarian dishes of the south to the Portuguese-influenced Goan cooking of the west, to the more familiar Mogul food of the north.
(A) with each a product of their
(B) with each as a product of its
(C) each products of their
(D) each a product of
(E) each products of
Antarcticareceives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.
A is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,
B is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,
C so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else
D reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or
E reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did
以上兩個例子,例子一出現了獨立主格結構,例子2出現了虛擬語氣。這些都是比較高級的語法現象,但是,GMAC是否就希望我們好好系統複習高中呢?
如果把普遍性的,占95%以上的問題看做一個大的系統,那麼以上兩個例子就屬於系統外的風險。這個時候我們的處理方法主要有兩個角度:
1 能否把系統外風險化歸到系統之內?
2 如果不行,我是否應該投入資源去防範這5%的風險?
商業上,由於其隨機性,防範的成本會很高,如果系統外風險不帶來摧毀性結果,則應該做撥備處理,全力改善確定性高的系統內事件。備考也是如此,需要分清哪些是偶發事件造成的失分,哪些是系統不完善需要修補帶來的失分。
4 模式的可推廣性,可複製性與標準化
Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so.
1. Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore
2. When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he
3. Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, so Charles Lindbergh
4. Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh
5. Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh
對於D選項,早年我的挑錯方法是:the reason 後面應該是why,以及這個選項頭重腳輕。
現在我的挑法是:劃線外,despite being offered,being offered的發出者應該是C.L.所以句子的主語必須是CL。
這兩種挑錯方法,對得到本題答案並無區別。為神馬我要如此執著後一種?請諸君先思考。
5 成本分攤概念
Birds known as honeyguides exhibit a unique pattern of behavior: the bird leads another animal, such as a honey-badger or a human, to a bees’ nest with their chattering when they fly ahead; after the larger animal takes honey, the bird eats the wax and bee larvae.
1. with their chattering when they fly
2. with chattering and its flying
3. by chattering as it flies
4. by chattering and its flying
E by chattering as they are flying
AB比較,得出一個it和they的問題,然後確定應該為單數。下麵腫麼辦?不要浪費了你的固定投入,沉沒成本,馬上把這個考點應用於CDE吧。
The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
A. The ability of scientists to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions, have become ever more accurate.
B. The ability of scientists has become ever more accurate in providing models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, such as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
C. Scientists have become able to provide ever more accurate models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
D. Scientists have become ever more accurate in their ability for providing models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to changing conditions, like seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions.
E. Scientists’ ability to provide models of the atmosphere’s complex responses to such changing conditions as seasonal and daily cycles or different planetary conjunctions have become ever more accurate.
AE主謂一致排除掉。CDE,按照上一題的智慧,應該如何操作?
6 對不確定性的處理/計畫和變化的辯證關係
An international team of astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter, the solar system’s largest planet.
A.) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands andSpainhas detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
B.) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands andSpainhas detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter’s mass
C.) astronomers is working at telescopes in the Canary Islands andSpain, having detected at least 18 huge gas sphere that are estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
D.) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands andSpain, and has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
E.) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres they have estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter’s mass
商業計畫啟動的時候,當時設定的一些假設往往會在執行過程中出現變化。這個時候就需要根據新接收到的資訊進行調整。不少考生拿到本題,都懷疑主語是複數,所以謂語應該是have,好,那麼走下去,你發現了神馬?
xiguagua
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