OG(11th)88~~~賢人請解答

[godfinance]

也許這一題很多人問過了
但小弟看了很多解釋還是有一點疑惑
所以希望請各位賢人解答

88.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

解釋1
按照莫老的解釋
leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised
的原句為
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, has led to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport, and has prompted fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

has 提出來
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged~~~~~~, led to~~~~~, and prompted~~~~~.
and 省略
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged~~~~~~, leading to~~~~~, prompting~~~~~.
又為了讓後面兩個 ing 平衡,再把 and 加回去
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged~~~~~~, leading to~~~~~,and prompting~~~~~.

我很不懂的是,既然最後的 and 還是存在,為何又要變成 ing , has 提出來,後面兩個動詞用 pp 不就好了嗎?


解釋2
我自己的想法,原句應該是
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system and leads to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

has clogged~~~ and leads~~~ and prompts~~~, 前面1個動詞 + 後面2個動詞平衡
(句意上 has clogged 先發生, 才造成後面兩個動詞的發生,同時 and 雖為對等連接詞,但前後的發生還是有時間上的順序)
and 省略,動詞變 ing
has logged~~~, leading~~~ and prompting~~~


解釋3
OG 的解釋認為,句意上來說,本句是要說明 surge 的影響,也就是說 leading 與 prompting ,這兩個分詞是用來修飾主要句子之用

88.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

leading 與 prompting 是用來說明(修飾)主要句子
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system

若是如此,是否隱含意味著 leading 與 prompting 的原型為 which leads and prompts,
which 修飾前面主要子句(莫老說which不可代替句子),which 省,動詞變 ing,若不是如此,ing 是如何來的

以上3種解釋哪一種是對的????
或是有其它解釋???



分詞構句(不談連接詞的部份)是否可分為?
1.限定修飾
N + that + V + O
N + which + V + O
that, which 省, V 變 ing or pp

2.補充說明
N +, which + V + O( which代替前面N,補充說明時 which 最好不省---莫老說的 )
句子 +, Ving ( Ving 為修飾前面句子 )

3.分詞代替連接詞
V1 and V2---- and 省略, V2 變成V2ing


請賢人解答 感恩

[godfinance]

自己疑問自己解答
費了九牛二虎之力從網路上找到答案

A participial phrase is flexible, a structure that can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. Participial phrases may be arranged to show a sequence of actions, as in the "pinball" sentence just seen. They may also be set up to show that two or more actions are occurring at the same time:

先看我在網路上找到這個例句

The eagles swooped and hovered, leaning on the air, and swung close together, feinting and screaming with delight.
(N. Scott Momaday, House Made of Dawn)

In this sentence, the eagles were "leaning on the air" as they "hovered"; they were "feinting and screaming with delight" as they swung close together.
原來在美國人的文法裡,此時的句意, leaning on the air,是修飾 they "swooped and hovered"
分詞片語做副詞用修飾swooped 和 hovered
醬就能理解OG88


88.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

leading to~~~ and prompting~~~ 修飾
The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system


參考網站: http://grammar.about.com/od/basicsenten ... phrase.htm

[s934527]

"Participial phrases may be arranged to show a sequence of actions" 這個文法點是不是更可以說明og88 所要表達的意思 ?

這個現象"The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system"發生
伴隨這後面兩件事情( leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised)發生



我的理解有錯嗎　　　　請大俠指點　　　

P.S 謝謝 godfinance 找到的文法點　　

[godfinance]

"Participial phrases may be arranged to show a sequence of actions" 這個文法點是不是更可以說明og88 所要表達的意思 ?

這個現象"The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system"發生
伴隨這後面兩件事情( leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised)發生



我的理解有錯嗎　　　　請大俠指點　　　

P.S 謝謝 godfinance 找到的文法點　　

(我不是大俠拉 哈)

我覺得你的說法完全正確
所以我覺得分詞片語有4種用法

(1)一種是修飾原句主詞用
因為分詞是由動詞演變而來
而動詞最主要的目的就是修飾主詞做的動作
像是

連 + S +V , S + V
連省~~~S省 , V 變 ing or pp , 不論是 Ving or pp 都是修飾原句主詞

另一 是
S + V1 and V2
and 省 , V2 變 V2ing , V2ing 還是作為修飾 S 的動作

(2)一種是用作關代( 限定與非限定 )

(3)再來就是分詞當作形容詞,用來修飾名詞

The whispering breeze scattered seeds across the abandoned fields.

(4)最後一種就是像是OG88和樹賴那一 題

88.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airport and prompting fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

leading 與 prompting 修飾 主要子句發生的動作,同時象徵著 leading 與 prompting 的發生是在主要子句的動作發生下(前提)所產生的
這就與 S + V1 and V2 , and 省 ,V2 變ing 的情形不同, 因為 V1 與 V2 的兩個動作是由 and 所連接, 代表兩個動作彼此是平行的

"Participial phrases may be arranged to show a sequence of actions" 這個文法點是不是更可以說明og88 所要表達的意思
這個用法也是ETS最常出現的考題(媽壓,也是最頭痛)

[s934527]

goldfinance
我不懂你的第2種用法>>>一種是用作關代( 限定與非限定 )

可以說明舉例一下嗎


碰到分詞啊 關代啊 就眼冒金星了

謝謝你囉

[godfinance]

goldfinance
我不懂你的第2種用法>>>一種是用作關代( 限定與非限定 )

可以說明舉例一下嗎


碰到分詞啊 關代啊 就眼冒金星了

謝謝你囉

關代就是關係代名詞,幾乎在句子裡都能看到
分成限定用法與非限定用法,非限定用法又稱為補充說明

非限定用法(補充說明)

Dr. Einstein, who is the greatest thinker of our age, lives in a very simple life.

非限定的意思是,被修飾的名詞顯而易見,且往往只有唯一一個,故兩個逗號間的關代只是補充說明
被修飾的名詞,句意: 愛因斯坦,我們這時代最偉大的思想家,過著非常簡約的生活.

Dr. Einstein who is the greatest thinker of our age lives in a very simple life.

逗號拿掉時,句意就不同了,此時的句意意涵著,叫作愛因斯坦的人有很多個,強調的是我們這時代最偉大的思想家的那個愛因斯坦,過著非常簡約的生活.

一般而言,本句對愛因斯坦的修飾用非限定即可不需用到限定的用法,否則句意怪怪的
同時本句亦可改寫成

Dr. Einstein, the greatest thinker of our age, lives in a very simple life.

which省,is 變being 省,逗號之間只剩下一個名詞詞組,又可稱為同位語, the greatest thinker of our age為Dr. Einstein的同位語,還是一樣為補充說明

The car which I had bought last year was sold yesterday.
which I had bought last year 是為了強調 car, 是 last year 買的那輛 car( 意味著有其他的car ), 已在昨天賣掉了
限定用法就是本句

我的說明不一定完整,請指教 ><

[s934527]

總而言之
非限定用法 有插入句及補充說明的意味在裡頭
是這樣嗎

第２次總結ｏｇ　　我該來好好印證這個文法點　　




goldfinance：　你列的這些例子是從哪裡摘錄下來的　　　真的覺得你真用心　　感恩　　

[godfinance]

總而言之
非限定用法 有插入句及補充說明的意味在裡頭
是這樣嗎

第２次總結ｏｇ　　我該來好好印證這個文法點　　




goldfinance：　你列的這些例子是從哪裡摘錄下來的　　　真的覺得你真用心　　感恩　　

非限定用法 有插入句及補充說明的意味在裡頭
是這樣嗎~~~~~恩恩

有些例子是補習班講義,不過OG的解釋才真的是聖經中的寶典,看了OG解釋顛覆了許多我在補習班的觀念(當然16條規則仍是有幫助)
我也還在努力突破,所以彼此加油囉 ^_^b!!!

有一件事 我是 godfinance, 而不是 goldfinance....我沒那麼多金,呵呵,不好意思囉

[s934527]

現在不多金　　　以後就多金了

總而言之　　多總結　　多討論　　　

[luchenli]

[quote="s934527"]現在不多金　　　以後就多金了

總而言之　　多總結　　多討論　　　 [/quote]

他指的是 god, 已經達到了神的境界
非金錢能衡量低~ 呵呵呵

[godfinance]

現在不多金　　　以後就多金了

總而言之　　多總結　　多討論　　　

他指的是 god, 已經達到了神的境界
非金錢能衡量低~ 呵呵呵

真希望我是神的境界,可惜我不是,我只希望AT能考高分阿
錢再讓我慢慢賺吧 ><

[godfinance]

leading 與 prompting 修飾 主要子句發生的動作,同時象徵著 leading 與 prompting 的發生是在主要子句的動作發生下(前提)所產生的
這就與 S + V1 and V2 , and 省 ,V2 變ing 的情形不同, 因為 V1 與 V2 的兩個動作是由 and 所連接, 代表兩個動作彼此是平行的

"Participial phrases may be arranged to show a sequence of actions" 這個文法點是不是更可以說明og88 所要表達的意思
這個用法也是ETS最常出現的考題(媽壓,也是最頭痛)

上面文法上的差別可在OG(11th)-104中的OG解釋中找到

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not spliting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.

(A)merging the nuclei of atoms and not spliting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B)merging the nuclear of atoms instead of spliting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C)merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D)and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in nuclear reactors
(E)and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

(C)

摘錄OG解釋
.....The comma following bombs is paired with the comma following apart, and this comma pair sets of the participial phrase introduced by merging.........

(D)(E)錯的原因均為
Illogical and awkward construction attempts to make merges the second verb of the restrictive clause parallel to powers and does not split; punctuation makes clear his seperation action cannot be the case.......

重點是說,(D)(E)選項試圖把 merges 作為限定關代中的第二個動詞,且與 powers 平行(因為 and 的關係),原題中的逗號代表著 merge 所引導的分詞片語非獨立的動作( punctuation makes clear his seperation action cannot be the case ),實際上作為修飾之用

[s934527]

關於第104題 (D) (E) 的排除是因為邏輯語意不通

那為什麼(B)錯啊　　（我誤選了B)

[godfinance]

關於第104題 (D) (E) 的排除是因為邏輯語意不通

那為什麼(B)錯啊　　（我誤選了B)

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not spliting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.

(A)merging the nuclei of atoms and not spliting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B)merging the nuclear of atoms instead of spliting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C)merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D)and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in nuclear reactors
(E)and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

(C)

我是從(C)選項來判斷(B)錯的部份
(C)merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
的原句應該為
.....merging the nuclei of atoms rather than Nuclear fusion splits them apart, as nuclear reactors split them apart
後面的 as nuclear reactors split them apart 副詞子句(有主詞,動詞)明確修飾前面的 split, 句意易懂
而(B)選項....., like nuclear reactors 介詞片語句意不明,不知修飾誰(缺少動作),而且有可能變成修飾them(OG(11th)125選項(C)的解釋)
這邊也考 like(介係詞)與 as(連接詞)的差別

OG(11th)122題,則是用like

[s934527]

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