徹底破解OG140

[candrow]

Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.(-->已經是正確的句子)

上面有很多討論
可是...which真的是代Declining values嗎
我的想法完全不同耶(開始就不是這麼想的)

我感覺which是借代農夫借的"金錢"

這時候把句子翻譯一下:
不斷貶值的農地用具和田地, 這些是抵押品用來against農夫所借的金錢(which farmers borrow), 以度過播種的季節, 將會導致借貸者緊縮信用...

所以againt應該翻成"抵銷"之類的意思
而且ETS也說use as collateral=borrow against
如果照上面各位的解釋來翻
ETS的解釋好像搭不上去耶...

[scujean]

我的【想法一】+davidlee0222指正
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

1.其中比較難懂的the collateral against which farmers borrow→farmers borrow against collateral 農夫用抵押來借錢

2.為何原文要寫成the collateral against which farmers borrow，是因為還有前面那句Declining values for farm equipment and land，因為the collateral要當farm equipment and land的同位語所以

3.the collateral要調到最接近farm equipment and land的地方→Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral(原文閱讀其實不可以這樣調來調去,只要位置不對就是錯,句意完全不一樣.不管AT或原文閱讀,不是像台灣教的這樣玩積木,每個改變句意都不一樣)
4.依照文法原則把against which farmers borrow放到the collateral後面修飾它

5.就變成Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season

6.我也不太認同Declining values =the collateral again which farmers borrow，在OG11，解答已經沒有提到這點

7. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
→遞減的農地價值迫使貸款人去緊縮貸款(給別人)

【想法2】-錯誤想法
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
原本應該是→
the collateral which declines values for farm equipment and land against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.←如何判斷不是用which呢，Which只會帶”逗號前最接近名辭”，一定代land，連farm equipment都代不太到，所以知道一定是錯的。←在原始句型against which中的which變成指代land,所以可知想法二不合理。
1.因為修飾the collateral的which……太長所以放到句首
變成Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
2.與想法一不同，the collateral才是主辭

【大衛指正】
這題如果會輕功的話很簡單
想法一是基本上是對的
但是思考順序不對 解題順序是關鍵
試試小弟的解法
應該跟OG解法順序相仿
水上飄一下就知道了
要有辦法用層級式閱讀的句意解法才能得到正解
可以研究一下跟您的想法一有何順序差異
水上飄是閱讀關鍵 也是解題關鍵
當初研究很久才發明出來的

先把主次要結構分開
先只看主要結構
真正的主詞是Declining Values複數
所以主要動詞一定是are
所以ABC直接刪
只有DE可以選
下面加個括號就很簡單了
Declining values (for farm equipment and land), the collateral (against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season), are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

要先懂句子到底在講什麼
才會知道誰是誰的同位語

主要句意是在講”下跌的價值將會迫使借主緊縮或否認信用額度”
下跌的價值跟價值不一樣
下跌的價值是一件事
價值是一個東西

在來看逗號後是同位語
如何判斷不是用which呢
Which只會帶”逗號前最接近名辭”
一定代land
連farm equipment都代不太到
所以知道一定是錯的

所以一定是同位語
但是是誰的同位語呢?
並不是Declining value
因為Declining value是一件事
不是一個collateral
所以真正被the collateral同位的是
(farm equipment and land)才對
不論句意跟結構都能完整解釋

句子除了主要結構的主詞動詞補語外
只有三大程咬金會亂搞而已
分辭結構
關代結構
同位語
基本上同位語很簡單
只要知道”句意”要你跟誰同類就行了
所以只剩分辭結構跟關帶結構
關代結構which一定代”往前推最接近的名詞”
如果是N1 of N2 which有可能代N1也可能代N2
沒有機率問題 不要聽莫北北講什麼95% N1
要依照句意 看句意要你代誰
另外只有限定用法跟非限定用法
有逗號可以拿掉就是非限定

分辭結構功能很強
基本上是”補述”前面整句主軸的”狀態”
並不是代名詞
只能說她修飾 不 還是應該講”補述”
講”修飾”這兩字沒什麼意義

[吳]

一.
原句:farmers borrow $$ against the collateral (農夫用擔保品借錢,此句$$省略)
寫成同位語: (A),(E) <C被動就不管了>
the collateral against which farmers borrow

二.至於關代子句:(B),(D)
which farmers use as collacteral to borrow against
1.use o. as o.
2.against o.
關代當受詞用,可是(B),(D)缺少兩個受詞,一個關代代替兩個受詞不合理
所以關代子句不選

[juyu]

I think the point here is that we should view "borrow" as a intransitive verb. And everything will be clear as follows:
"Against the collateral(= equipment and land), farmers borrow(vi) to get through the harvest season"

[wing3315]

I think the point here is that we should view "borrow" as a intransitive verb. And everything will be clear as follows:
"Against the collateral(= equipment and land), farmers borrow(vi) to get through the harvest season"

小妹我剛剛重新聽了莫北北的錄音檔..
他的確清楚的說：
which 是指代 the collateral 擔保品
原因是句意中說明，下跌的價格會衝擊到擔保品本身
使的借款人縮減或拒絕借款
而borrow的確可以當作不及物動詞
ex: how much have you borrow from him?

希望以上對各位努力的同伴有幫助..^^

[dibert8]

初看題目,以為是分詞構句 (又看到 is), 猛找主詞, 但沒有一個是"人"來對應那個 declining 的動作, 一直往下看到 (D) (E), 發現動詞 are, 驚覺主詞可能是 values;
果真如此的話, 那 collateral 必是同位語, 豆號中間是插句, 這才峰迴路轉底定作答的方向, 先刪除 (A) (B) (C) , 因為動詞不一致. 剩下 (D) (E) 比較長短 => (E)
跟 (E) 比較, (D) 的確冗長, 所以大膽使用比較長短求解.

[dibert8]

分析 (E) the collateral against which farmers borrow ...
which 不會是別的, 就是 collateral (the collateral against which farmers borrow = which farmers borrow against) => farmers borrow against the collateral
至於collateral, 剛開始困惑了一下, 把 values 跟 collateral 畫上等號, 發現怪怪, collateral 是複數嗎? 一直看到 equipment and land, 發現救星來了: collateral = equipment and land, 這麼一來就全解了
看了前面的討論,並無二至, 就當我這是總結吧.

[CherrieLi]

請問(D)選項哪裡錯呢? which開始做同位語修飾用法不行嗎?

[dibert8]

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
1. 介係詞孤兒
2. which (= land? equipment? both?) 不如同位語清楚
3. 不簡潔

[sean0916]

老實說...我第一次做這題的時候就陷入老莫在課堂上有特別提到過一個問題....

如何判斷是動名詞還是現在分詞....

shit...那天看這題的時候還是習慣把Declining當動名詞.....

因此主要動詞又搞單數.....真是有夠不爽.... :-S

好像陷入某種魔咒一樣....

我也是搞不懂為何要用複數耶
因為土地和設備價值降低(事件>>單數)使lender減少借款
與降低的價格(複數)使lender減少借款
似乎都說得通耶 有大大可以幫忙解答如何區分嗎 >"<

[nemolee]

分析 (E) the collateral against which farmers borrow ...
which 不會是別的, 就是 collateral (the collateral against which farmers borrow = which farmers borrow against) => farmers borrow against the collateral
至於collateral, 剛開始困惑了一下, 把 values 跟 collateral 畫上等號, 發現怪怪, collateral 是複數嗎? 一直看到 equipment and land, 發現救星來了: collateral = equipment and land, 這麼一來就全解了
看了前面的討論,並無二至, 就當我這是總結吧.

想請問，為什麼 collateral 一次可以等於設備與土地呢？ collateral 是所有擔保品的總稱嗎? 是因為這樣所以就可以不用 + s ( collaterals ? )

其它的我都沒問題，就剛好這方面看不太了解，謝謝各位高手指點。

[dibert8]

from Merriam-Webster,
collateral [noun]: property (as securities) pledged by a borrower to protect the interests of the lender

from Oxford
collateral [noun; U] (不可數名詞)

[nemolee]

最近工作忙，忘了有"不可數名詞"這檔子的事 ><
謝謝 D 大查了兩個版本出來 ~

[lichard]

可以輕問一下答案還原是變成什麼 樣子 嗎 ??
看了 前面的 帖子 還是不太清楚

[Huang Hsin-Yi]

可以輕問一下答案還原是變成什麼 樣子 嗎 ??
看了 前面的 帖子 還是不太清楚

Declining values (主詞)for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season(補充 farm equipment and land), are(動詞) going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.