下面這一題有不少論壇都討論過
Until recently, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltering in igloos, the ice-block domes that are peculiar to north-central Canada, and in structures made of stones, bones, driftwood, and skins.
A. Until recently, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltering
B. During recent times, the Inuit people lead a nomadic existence, sheltering
C. In the times that are recent, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltered
D. Up until recently, the Inuit people, leading a nomadic existence, have sheltered
E. Until recent times, leading a nomadic existence, the Inuit people were sheltered
聽說莫大(以前)解 B;b 當然不對,有爭議的是A或D。
網路上有好幾個人說OA是D (I think the OA is D, as per the doc I have and as per the sentence).
這題據說是改寫自紐約時報:
An Asiatic people, the Inuits arrived in Canada during the last Ice Age, but some time after the Indians. Until quite recently, they led a nomadic existence, sheltering in igloos, the ice-block domes that are peculiar to northern-central Canada, and structures made of stones, bones, driftwood, sods and skins.
不過紐時的寫法是「有缺陷」的寫法(紐時的校稿不見得滴水不漏,Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay to the last day to collect...這題原稿也出自紐時,是標準的dangling constrution),因為這句結尾的分詞構句是用來做為主要子句的「進一步(內容)說明」,而sheltering只是nomadic existence的一小部份。完整的分詞構句寫法應如下:
Until quite recently, they led a nomadic existence, hunting wherever the seasons permit and sheltering in igloos…
若要完全講sheltering,這部份要用主要子句寫,nomadic existence則放在背景說明的分詞子句中,如D項。我猜原先將D定為OA的人應也是如是想。此外,until recently最常見的用法是跟隨完成式。
贊成A的人主張:1. Up until是口語,按GMAT的標準,這up是多餘的;2. GMAT考題中的until都沒用過完成式(雖然還沒成為考點過)。
關於第一點,實在難說ETS的出題者真這樣認為。第二點則是確實如此,但也無法據此主張完成式就一定不對。until recently在一般用法中卻是最常跟完成式聯用,不管是查字典或查google都是如此。
我的總結看法是,ETS也不是沒出錯過題目,PP跟GWD都有的Anasazi那題就出錯了被我在網站上臭罵,新版OV69題就做出修正。所以考生應該保持「正確認知」的「開放心態」,切忌人云亦云做出奇怪或鑽牛角尖的「文法推論」從而影響到自己的全盤認知。畢竟「爭議題」只是極為少數,有時還可能是「不計分題」或「測試題」。此外,聽說gmat也非全對才能得滿分,錯個一兩題都有可能得滿分(計算比例吧)。